發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-06 17:24

【摘要】：傘頭秧歌是臨縣一種重要的民間藝術(shù)形式，以領(lǐng)歌領(lǐng)舞者手持花傘為標(biāo)志而得名。它是臨縣社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，主要表演于臨縣以及周邊的柳林、離石等地，在臨縣尤為盛行。傘頭秧歌最初用于祭祀，后來演變?yōu)榧�、舞、樂為一體的全民參與的年節(jié)期間的民間藝術(shù)活動(dòng)。 傘頭秧歌植根于民間，因而與當(dāng)?shù)孛袼紫⑾⑾嚓P(guān)，它作為一種禮尚往來的方式與外部村落交流聯(lián)系互動(dòng)。在從傳統(tǒng)到現(xiàn)代的變遷過程中，臨縣傘頭秧歌表現(xiàn)的民俗內(nèi)容越來越廣，涉及祭祀信仰、婚喪嫁娶、娛樂慶典、日常生活等各個(gè)方面，它就是當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)的一部民俗大全。臨縣傘頭秧歌作為臨縣當(dāng)?shù)氐乃囆g(shù)形式，具有獨(dú)特的地方性色彩，濃郁的鄉(xiāng)土氣息和雅俗共賞的藝術(shù)魅力。 臨縣傘頭秧歌一直處在變化發(fā)展中，民國(guó)初年的大普及，抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的興盛，文化大革命期間的被限制和停滯，在文化大革命之后這種藝術(shù)又如火如荼的開展起來。進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)以后傘頭秧歌也發(fā)生了新的變化，首先傘頭秧歌與其他民間藝術(shù)相結(jié)合，其次受到外來文化的影響，再次為了適應(yīng)時(shí)代的變化和受眾的喜好，使得傘頭秧歌從形式到內(nèi)容都發(fā)生了很大的發(fā)展與變化。在對(duì)傘頭秧歌進(jìn)行了大量的田野調(diào)查和實(shí)地觀看，了解到傘頭秧歌在演出時(shí)間、演出場(chǎng)合、演唱曲調(diào)、唱詞形式、傳播載體、經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行等方面都發(fā)生了一定程度的改變，特別是民歌、民間小演唱、民間小戲曲、民間舞蹈、民間快板加進(jìn)來以后，使傘頭秧歌這一藝術(shù)更加豐富多彩。 近十年來（2005——2015）隨著現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得傘頭秧歌出現(xiàn)了一種新形式，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)秧歌，即秧歌愛好者在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上通過QQ群、貼吧、微信群編唱的秧歌。傘頭秧歌是臨縣人的一種思鄉(xiāng)的精神符號(hào)，它利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)這種獨(dú)特便捷的傳播方式，不用荒廢過多的精力、財(cái)力、物力且能跨時(shí)空、隨時(shí)隨地借助電腦，甚至是手機(jī)等移動(dòng)通訊適時(shí)的組織對(duì)歌、出題答歌比賽等為臨縣本土及其定居在外的臨縣人提供了一個(gè)便捷而廣泛的交流平臺(tái)，，以寄托對(duì)家鄉(xiāng)的思念。網(wǎng)絡(luò)秧歌唱詞也以它主題明確突出、內(nèi)容包羅萬象、形式新穎獨(dú)特的魅力吸引著眾多參與者，各個(gè)村落秧歌群也如雨后春筍般建立起來用以互動(dòng)交流。這是傘頭秧歌發(fā)展史上的一次巨大變化。 雖然臨縣傘頭秧歌已被列為國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，但是目前傳統(tǒng)傘頭秧歌的生存現(xiàn)狀也遭受著極大的考驗(yàn)：娛樂多樣化的沖擊、觀眾和參與者的流失、政府宣傳保護(hù)力度不夠種種的原因都沖擊著傳統(tǒng)秧歌和舞臺(tái)秧歌。
[Abstract]:Umbrella head Yangge is an important folk art form in Linxian County. It is the product of the social and historical development of Linxian, mainly performed in Linxian and surrounding Liulin, Lieshi and other places, especially prevalent in Linxian. Yangko was originally used for sacrifice and later evolved into a folk art activity in which the whole people participated in the festival of singing, dancing and music. The Yangko is rooted in the folk and is closely related to the local folklore. It acts as a way of exchange and contact with the outside villages. In the process of changing from tradition to modern, the folklore content of Yantou Yangko in Linxian County is more and more extensive, involving the worship of sacrifice, marriage and funeral, entertainment celebration, daily life and so on. It is a folklore of the local society. As the local art form of Linxian County, Yangko has unique local color, strong local flavor and artistic charm. The yangko of umbrella head of Linxian county is in the change and development all the time. The popularization of the early Republic of China, the prosperity of the War of Resistance against Japan, the limitation and stagnation of the period of the Cultural Revolution, the art developed in full swing after the Cultural Revolution. After entering the new century, new changes have taken place in the umbrella head Yangko. First, the umbrella head Yangko is combined with other folk art, and then it is influenced by foreign culture. Again, in order to adapt to the changes of the times and the preferences of the audience, So that the umbrella Yangko from the form to the content has a great development and change. After a large number of field investigations and field observations on the yangko, we have learned that the Yangko has changed to a certain extent in terms of performance time, performance occasions, singing tunes, singing forms, spreading carriers, and economic operation. Especially folk songs, folk operas, folk dances, folk Allegro are added to make the art of umbrella head Yangge more colorful. In the past ten years (2005-2015), with the development of modern information technology, a new form of Yangko has appeared, that is, Yangko, which Yangko enthusiasts sing through QQgroups, posts and WeChat groups on the Internet. Umbrella head Yangko is a kind of homesick spiritual symbol of Linxian people. It uses the network as a unique and convenient means of communication, without wasting too much energy, financial and material resources, and can cross time and space, using computers anytime and anywhere. Even mobile communications, such as mobile phones, timely organization of songs, answering competition for Linxian native and settled outside Linxian people to provide a convenient and extensive exchange platform, in order to place their thoughts on their hometown. Network Yangge lyrics with its theme is clear and prominent, the content all over the world, the form of novel and unique charm attracted many participants, each village Yangge groups are also like bamboo shoots to build up for interactive exchanges. This is a great change in the development history of Yangko. Although Yantou Yangko in Linxian County has been listed as a national intangible cultural heritage, the survival status of the traditional umbrella Yangko has also suffered a great test: the impact of diverse entertainment, the loss of audience and participants, The government propagandizes and protects the strength not enough each kind of reason impinges the traditional Yangko and the stage Yangko.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：J722.211

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