本文關(guān)鍵詞：不同芭蕾“外開”練習(xí)中上體姿態(tài)特征的分析　出處：《北京體育大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 形體訓(xùn)練 外開練習(xí) 上體姿態(tài) 表面肌電

【摘要】：研究目的：目前在形體訓(xùn)練中廣‘泛采用芭蕾的訓(xùn)練方法和手段,但對(duì)這些方法和手段的了解皆來自于芭蕾舞藝術(shù)視角的研究結(jié)果,針對(duì)形體訓(xùn)練的研究相對(duì)匱乏。不同外開練習(xí)對(duì)塑造形體練習(xí)者平展挺拔的身體姿態(tài)的影響是否具有差異以及有何差異,迄今尚未見到研究報(bào)道,這勢必影響形體訓(xùn)練的教學(xué)效果和實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的開展。為此,本文從形體訓(xùn)練的實(shí)際需要出發(fā),依據(jù)運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)能形態(tài)學(xué)和美學(xué)基本原理,對(duì)不同站姿和下蹲動(dòng)作練習(xí)時(shí)軀干肌肉的活動(dòng)狀況及身體姿態(tài)變化特點(diǎn)的研究,剖析芭蕾外開練習(xí)對(duì)上體姿態(tài)的影響。 研究對(duì)象和方法：研究對(duì)象為15名普通大學(xué)女生。對(duì)研究對(duì)象分別進(jìn)行了常態(tài)下放松站姿、立正站姿、常態(tài)足位下的芭蕾基本站姿、不需意志努力非常態(tài)開位芭蕾基本站姿、需意志努力控制重心的芭蕾一位基本站姿,以及對(duì)應(yīng)上述三種不同開位芭蕾基本站姿下蹲練習(xí)時(shí)影響上體姿態(tài)的主要肌肉的表面肌電測試和身體形態(tài)測試。并對(duì)動(dòng)作結(jié)構(gòu)、肌電的平均振幅進(jìn)行了分析。 研究結(jié)果： (1)三種不同足位下芭蕾基本站姿的胸椎曲度變化極小,但胸部形態(tài)趨于舒展,姿態(tài)漸佳；下肢外開的基本站立姿態(tài)有利于肌肉力量的加強(qiáng),進(jìn)而促進(jìn)形態(tài)的改善。 (2)在需意志努力控制重心的芭蕾一位基本站姿下,可動(dòng)員多數(shù)肌肉參與收縮；而在半蹲和全蹲時(shí),所測試的全部肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)單位的募集數(shù)量較多。 (3)在需意志努力控制重心的芭蕾一位基本站姿時(shí),骶骨的傾斜角度明顯增大,腰椎曲度也相應(yīng)增加,此改變與重心控制的調(diào)節(jié)和髖關(guān)節(jié)的柔韌性有關(guān)。 結(jié)論： (1)在外開練習(xí)時(shí),隨著足位外開角度的增大,展胸沉肩和頭部上拎姿態(tài)的變化趨勢明顯。形體訓(xùn)練可充分利用這一姿態(tài)變化特征,適當(dāng)加大足位的外開角度,來提高頭位和胸部優(yōu)雅舒展的控制能力。 (2)在需意志努力控制重心的芭蕾一位基本站姿和半蹲與全蹲動(dòng)作練習(xí)時(shí),因骶骨的傾斜角度和腰椎曲度的增大,呈現(xiàn)相對(duì)翹臀的形態(tài),與被測試者控制身體平衡的調(diào)節(jié)能力和髖關(guān)節(jié)的柔韌性相關(guān)。 (3)下肢相對(duì)外開的基本站立姿態(tài)和半蹲與全蹲動(dòng)作練習(xí)時(shí),相應(yīng)肌肉所承受的負(fù)荷較大,能促進(jìn)肌肉力量的加強(qiáng),為姿態(tài)的改善提供了良好的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。 本文建議：形體練習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)努力增大足位的外開角度,采用需意志努力控制重心的一位基本站姿進(jìn)行形體練習(xí),并且在練習(xí)時(shí)要注意加強(qiáng)下肢外旋的柔韌性,有意識(shí)地努力減小骶骨的傾斜角度,使脊柱充分伸展,增強(qiáng)相應(yīng)肌肉的力量,進(jìn)而達(dá)到良好姿態(tài)的常態(tài)化。
[Abstract]:Objective: at present widely used in physical training, training methods and means of ballet, but the results of these methods are from the perspective of understanding the ballet, research on physical training is relatively scarce. The different influence of exercise on body shape and body posture spreading practice and what difference whether there is difference and so far has not been reported, it is bound to affect the physical training teaching effect and practice. Therefore, this paper from the actual needs of physical training of motor function according to morphology and aesthetics of the basic principle, research status and physical activity attitude change characteristics of different posture and squat exercises when the trunk muscles, analyze the effect of Practice on outside the ballet body posture.
Subjects and methods: Subjects of 15 ordinary college girls. The object of study were carried out under normal relaxed posture, standing posture, normal foot ballet under the basic standing posture, no will to open a very state ballet basic stance and volitive efforts to control the center of gravity of a ballet basic station posture, and surface EMG of major muscles influence body posture corresponding to the three different open position ballet basic stance squats when testing and body shape test. And the movement structure, the average amplitude of EMG was analyzed.
The results of the study:
(1) under three different feet, the chest curvature of ballet's basic stance is very small, but the chest shape tends to stretch and the posture is better. The basic standing posture of the lower limbs is conducive to the enhancement of muscle strength and the improvement of morphology.
(2) efforts to control the center of gravity in the ballet will need a basic stance, can mobilize most muscles involved in contraction; while in the squat and squat, raise the number of testing all the muscle motor units.
(3) when the ballet's basic stance is needed to control the center of gravity, the tilt angle of sacrum increases, and the lumbar curvature increases. This change is related to the adjustment of center of gravity and flexibility of hip joint.
Conclusion:
(1) in the open practice, with the increase of the lateral opening angle of the feet, the trend of the chest shoulder and head carrying posture is obvious. Physique training can make full use of the change characteristics of this posture, and appropriately increase the opening angle of the foot position, so as to improve the control ability of the head and chest's graceful extension.
(2) efforts to control the center of gravity in the ballet will need a basic stance and squat and squat exercise, because the increase of the tilt angle of the sacral and lumbar curvature, showing relatively Qiaotun form, and subject to control the body balance adjustment ability and hip flexibility.
(3) lower relative to the outer open basic standing posture and squat and squat exercise, the corresponding muscle bearing load is larger, can promote the strengthening of muscle strength, provide good material basis for the improvement of attitude.
This paper suggests: physical exercise should increase the foot position outside open angle, with a basic standing posture volitive efforts to control the center of gravity of physical exercise, and should pay attention to strengthening the external rotation of the lower extremity flexibility in practice, make a conscious effort to reduce the inclination of the sacrum, the Spine Stretch, enhancement of the corresponding muscles power, normalization and achieve good posture.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：J722.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 李靜雅;;體育舞蹈在形體訓(xùn)練中的應(yīng)用效果探討——以國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)交誼舞為例[J];吉林廣播電視大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2012年12期

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本文編號(hào)：1428323