發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-28 07:21

  本文選題：郁金香 + 生物學(xué)特性��； 參考：《新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：郁金香是世界著名的球根花卉之一,被譽(yù)為“花中皇后”,已被世界各地廣泛栽培。但郁金香在我國(guó)表現(xiàn)不佳,種球退化嚴(yán)重。我國(guó)是郁金香屬植物的起源地之一,新疆北部是我國(guó)郁金香屬兩大天然分布區(qū)之一,在此地進(jìn)行郁金香的引種栽培工作具有得天獨(dú)厚的地理優(yōu)勢(shì)和天然條件。本文通過(guò)對(duì)伊犁郁金香(Tulipa iliensis)的花芽分化、引種馴化、種子萌發(fā)、染色體核型分析及荷蘭的栽培郁金香的引種栽培試驗(yàn),研究了新疆野生郁金香生物學(xué)特性,以及栽培郁金香的園藝性狀表現(xiàn),以期為我國(guó)郁金香屬的分類、對(duì)豐富新疆地區(qū)早春花卉種類、挖掘該地區(qū)的本土資源、創(chuàng)造富有特色的園林景觀,以及在新疆發(fā)展郁金香種球生產(chǎn)的可行性提供參考依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、伊犁郁金香在地上莖葉枯黃后進(jìn)入夏季休眠期,用石蠟切片方法對(duì)鱗莖內(nèi)的花芽分化進(jìn)程和細(xì)胞學(xué)特征進(jìn)行了觀察和研究。結(jié)果表明,其花芽于6月下旬開(kāi)始分化,至8月中旬結(jié)束,歷時(shí)6周。2、在新疆伊犁特克斯縣進(jìn)行了伊犁郁金香引種試驗(yàn),對(duì)其物候特征、形態(tài)特征及鱗莖表現(xiàn)等進(jìn)行觀測(cè)。結(jié)果表明伊犁郁金香在人工栽培條件下能正常生長(zhǎng)開(kāi)花,生長(zhǎng)周期延長(zhǎng),鱗莖的直徑、周徑和重量均有顯著增加,還分生出了子鱗莖,表現(xiàn)出較好的適應(yīng)性。3、對(duì)伊犁郁金香種子進(jìn)行萌發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn),通過(guò)不同儲(chǔ)藏溫度及不同儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)間、不同濃度赤霉素處理等方法發(fā)現(xiàn):低溫能幫助打破種子休眠;室溫儲(chǔ)藏及5℃低溫干藏對(duì)種子萌發(fā)均有極顯著的影響,二者的交互作用對(duì)種子萌發(fā)也具有極顯著的影響,并且以室溫儲(chǔ)藏30d、低溫儲(chǔ)藏0d這一組合效果最佳;赤霉素對(duì)新鮮種子的影響較大,而對(duì)室溫下儲(chǔ)藏了3個(gè)月的種子影響不明顯。4、伊犁郁金香為2倍體,核型公式為2n=2x=24=2m+14sm+8st,染色體基數(shù)x=12,染色體核型為2A型。5、對(duì)9個(gè)郁金香栽培品種開(kāi)展了引種栽培試驗(yàn),對(duì)物候期、園藝性狀及鱗莖生長(zhǎng)情況進(jìn)行觀測(cè),結(jié)果表明所有品種均能正常生長(zhǎng)、開(kāi)花,花期在5月初至5月中旬;品種Apeldoorn花期最早;Red Power生長(zhǎng)周期與花后營(yíng)養(yǎng)期最長(zhǎng);Red Power和Dynasty鱗莖退化最為明顯;White Dream在花期長(zhǎng)短、植株長(zhǎng)勢(shì)、鱗莖發(fā)育等方面綜合表現(xiàn)最好;Apeldoorn、Negrita的種球在經(jīng)過(guò)一年的引種后基本上能保持其原有的狀態(tài),World's Favourite、Golden Oxford、White Dream、Yokohama的種球在直徑、周徑、重量及子球數(shù)量方面均表現(xiàn)較好,可進(jìn)行種球的生產(chǎn)工作。在伊犁地區(qū),與特克斯縣有相似氣候的地區(qū)也有較大的引種郁金香的潛力。
[Abstract]:Tulip is one of the world famous bulb flowers, known as "flower queen", has been widely cultivated around the world. But tulip is not good in our country, the seed ball degenerates seriously. The northern part of Xinjiang is one of the two natural distribution areas of the genus Tulip in China. The introduction and cultivation of tulip in this area has unique geographical advantages and natural conditions. The biological characteristics of wild tulip in Xinjiang were studied by means of flower bud differentiation, introduction and domestication, seed germination, chromosome karyotype analysis and cultivation experiment of cultivated tulip in Holland. And the horticultural characters of cultivated tulips, in order to enrich the species of early spring flowers in Xinjiang, to excavate the native resources, and to create the characteristic landscape for the classification of Tulip in China. And the feasibility of developing tulip seed ball production in Xinjiang provides reference basis. The main results were as follows: 1. The flower bud differentiation process and cytological characteristics in bulbs were observed and studied by paraffin section method. The results showed that the flower bud began to differentiate in late June and ended in the middle of August, and lasted for 6 weeks. 2. The introduction experiment of tulip was carried out in Ili Tex County, Xinjiang, and the phenological characteristics, morphological characteristics and bulb performance were observed. The results showed that Yili tulip could grow and blossom normally under artificial cultivation condition, the growth cycle was prolonged, the diameter, circumference and weight of bulbs were increased significantly, and the bulbs were divided into two groups. The germination experiment of tulip seeds in Yili was carried out. Through different storage temperature, different storage time and different concentration of gibberellin, it was found that low temperature could help to break the dormancy of tulip seeds. Storage at room temperature and dry storage at 5 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1814324