本文選題：北京　切入點：五環(huán)內(nèi)　出處：《中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究通過對北京市五環(huán)內(nèi)18處公園、23處居住區(qū)、34處專屬單位、174條道路與7條水岸林樹種組成結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)查,對比分析了2006年至2016年間城區(qū)不同類型城市森林主要樹種的應(yīng)用數(shù)量、使用頻度、覆蓋度和重要值等指標(biāo)的變化情況,總結(jié)了不同類型城市森林的樹種組成結(jié)構(gòu)的變化特征,提出了不同類型的城市森林的改造提升的建議。主要結(jié)論如下:1.從2006年到2016年間,各類型城市森林的樹種組成結(jié)構(gòu)均發(fā)生了一定變化,但不同類型研究區(qū)域的變化差異不同,其中居住區(qū)、專屬單位的變化較大,而公園、道路與水岸林帶的變化相對較小。2.從居住區(qū)樹種組成結(jié)構(gòu)的變化來看,居住區(qū)整體綠化狀況明顯改善,林木密度、樹種種類均顯著增加,樹種結(jié)構(gòu)更加合理親民,毛白楊、臭椿、側(cè)柏等植源性致敏樹種或生長適應(yīng)性較差的樹種數(shù)量逐漸減少,而香椿、銀杏、懸鈴木、西府海棠等群眾喜愛的樹種日益增加,國槐、白蠟、圓柏、毛白楊、懸鈴木、香椿成為目前居住區(qū)重要值最高的骨干樹種。但是居住區(qū)綠量并未得到有效提升,整體覆蓋度下降了4.73%,綠量空間不能滿足民生需求,立地環(huán)境條件依然較差。3.從專屬單位區(qū)樹種組成結(jié)構(gòu)的變化來看,專屬單位整體綠化狀況改善比較顯著,林木密度、種類均明顯增加,分別增至十年前的1.19倍、1.53倍。數(shù)量最多的20種主要樹種的種類變化較大,黃櫨、欒樹、榆葉梅、碧桃、核桃等觀賞樹種逐漸替代了長勢較差的側(cè)柏、加楊、柿樹、旱柳、龍柏、臭椿,并成為專屬單位區(qū)新的主要樹種,而國槐、毛白楊、圓柏、銀杏、雪松、油松則依舊是專屬單位內(nèi)重要值最高的骨干樹種。另外,大樹截干現(xiàn)象較十年前增加了27.81%,而新植樹種以小規(guī)格的景觀樹為主,專屬單為區(qū)整體綠化覆蓋度下降4.15%,后期綠量增加潛力較大。4.從公園樹種組成結(jié)構(gòu)的變化來看,整體上未發(fā)生大的變化,樹木密度、頻度、種類、喬灌木比例幾乎與十年前保持一致。但主要樹種種類發(fā)生了一定的變動,十年前作為主要樹種的側(cè)柏、連翹、黃刺玫、迎春被臭椿、玉蘭、旱柳、碧桃所替代,國槐、絳柳、毛白楊、圓柏、油松、海棠成為目前公園內(nèi)重要值最高的骨干樹種。另外,公園的整體綠量較十年前有所提升,整體覆蓋度增加了3.78%,但目前仍有部分公園樹種配置手法相對單一,森林美景度較低。5.從道路與水岸林帶樹種組成結(jié)構(gòu)的變化來看,整體變化程度較小,樹木密度、種類、喬灌木比例也幾乎與十年前相同,僅有44條道路部分區(qū)段發(fā)生小范圍的樹種更換現(xiàn)象。主要樹種種類變化不大,國槐、毛白楊、銀杏、懸鈴木、欒樹是目前道路與水岸林帶重要值最高的骨干樹種,碧桃、核桃、玉蘭替代了側(cè)柏、雪松、青桐,成為新的主要樹種。另外,行道樹的截干現(xiàn)象最為嚴(yán)重,比十年前增加了30.48%,且樹種結(jié)構(gòu)單一,常用樹種僅為10余種,數(shù)量分布不均,道路形成以國槐為主,其他幾種樹種為輔的組成模式,水岸林帶則形成以絳柳為主,其他樹種點綴的組成結(jié)構(gòu)模式。6.近10年,北京五環(huán)內(nèi)城市森林還處在樹種頻繁變化的階段,尤其是居住區(qū)與專屬單位內(nèi),大量高大喬木被截干或遭到砍伐,林木立地條件較差,整體綠化不高,且植物配置模式仍較單一。在目前城市綠化面積有限的情況下,建議適當(dāng)補植高大闊葉喬木樹種,合理利用灌、騰、草形成復(fù)層結(jié)構(gòu),加強林木養(yǎng)護管理和林下地表環(huán)境的改善,綜合增強城市森林生態(tài)效益和植物景觀層次,形成良好的城市生態(tài)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:Based on the study of Beijing within the Fifth Ring 18 parks, 23 residential area, 34 exclusive units, 174 roads and 7 Shuian forest tree species composition investigation, comparative analysis of the number of applications, from 2006 to 2016 different types of urban city trees using frequency, coverage and important changes the value index, summarizes the different types of city forest tree species composition structure, put forward the transformation of city forest types in improving suggestions. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. from 2006 to 2016, consisting of various types of city forest species structure were changed, but the difference of different types of study area different, including residential, change of exclusive units is large, and the change of road and the waterfront park, the forest is relatively small.2. from the residential area of tree species structure changes, the overall greening of residential area Conditions have markedly improved, tree density, tree species increased, species structure more reasonable people, Populus tomentosa, Ailanthus altissima, Platycladus orientalis and source sensitization species or growth adaptability of tree species decreased gradually, and Toona sinensis, Ginkgo biloba, sycamore, Malus micromalus the favorite species growing, Sophora japonica, wax juniper, poplar, sycamore, become the important value of residential area of Chinese toon tree backbone. But the highest volume of residential green did not improve, the overall coverage decreased by 4.73%, the amount of green space can not meet the needs of the people's livelihood, site conditions are still in poor.3. from species composition changes, the exclusive unit area, the overall greening the status of exclusive units to improve significantly, tree density, species increased significantly, increased 1.19 times, ten years ago were 1.53 times. The largest number of 20 main tree species varied greatly, l., Koelreuteria, flowering plum, peach, walnut and other ornamental tree species gradually replaced the poor growth of poplar, Platycladus orientalis, persimmon, Salix, cypress, Ailanthus altissima, and become the main tree species, new and exclusive units of Sophora japonica, Populus tomentosa, Sabina chinensis, Ginkgo biloba, cedar, pine is still the exclusive units within the highest value of important backbone species. In addition, the tree cut stem increased by 27.81% is ten years ago, and the new planting trees to the small size of the landscape tree, exclusive single coverage area as a whole is decreased by 4.15%, increase the amount of potential late green.4. structure changes from the park trees, big change, not the overall density of trees the frequency, type, shrub proportion is almost consistent with ten years ago. But the main tree species occurred some changes, as the main tree species of Platycladus orientalis, ten years ago, forsythia, green spring being Ailanthus altissima, Magnolia, Salix, Prunus persica replaced, Sophora japonica,. Willow, poplar, pine, juniper, Begonia park has become the important backbone of the highest value species. In addition, the overall amount of green park has improved compared to ten years ago, the overall coverage increased by 3.78%, but there are still some tree species configuration is relatively simple, low degree of forest beauty.5. structure changes from the road and the waterfront forest tree species, the overall degree of change is small, density of trees, shrub species, the proportion of almost ten years ago with the same replacement, only 44 road sections have a small range of species. The main phenomenon of species change little, Sophora japonica, Populus tomentosa, ginkgo biloba, sycamore, Koelreuteria is currently forest road and the important value of waterfront backbone species, the highest peach, walnut, Magnolia instead of Platycladus orientalis, cedar, green Tong, become the main species of trees. In addition, the stem cutting phenomenon is most serious, 30.48% more than ten years ago, and the tree A single structure, commonly used species is only more than 10, the number of the uneven distribution of the road formed by the main composition of Sophora japonica, supplemented by several other species, is formed in the willow forest waterfront,.6. structure model of other species with nearly 10 years, Beijing city is still in the five forest species frequent change stage in particular, residential area and exclusive unit, a large number of tall trees were cut dry or felled trees to poor site conditions, the overall greening is not high, and the plant configuration mode is still single. At present the city greening area is limited, to recommend appropriate planting tall broad-leaved tree species, the rational use of irrigation, Teng, grass the formation of complex structure, improve the surface environment conservation and management of forest and forest, city comprehensive enhancement of forest ecological benefit and plant landscape level, the city formed a good ecological environment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S731

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