本文關(guān)鍵詞： 生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià) P-S-R模型 遙感技術(shù) 網(wǎng)格單元 吳起縣　出處：《西安科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著環(huán)境問(wèn)題的日益突出,生態(tài)安全問(wèn)題逐漸引起了更多人的關(guān)注。自黨的十八大將生態(tài)文明建設(shè)納入國(guó)家“五位一體”建設(shè)布局總體方案之后,研究如何評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)域生態(tài)安全程度、保護(hù)區(qū)域生態(tài)安全成為關(guān)系人類(lèi)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要課題。本文以吳起縣為研究對(duì)象,在介紹了生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)相關(guān)理論和方法以及吳起縣生態(tài)安全現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,以經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織(OECD)提出的壓力-狀態(tài)-響應(yīng)(P-S-R)模型為框架,基于遙感影像、人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和土壤侵蝕數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用GIS和遙感技術(shù),構(gòu)建了包括人類(lèi)活動(dòng)干擾指數(shù)、凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力指數(shù)、平均斑塊面積指數(shù)、土壤侵蝕指數(shù)、植被覆蓋指數(shù)、人口密度指數(shù)、土地墾殖指數(shù)等7個(gè)指標(biāo)在內(nèi)的生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,并利用層次分析法軟件yaahpV7.0,通過(guò)判斷矩陣結(jié)合群決策的方法確定指標(biāo)權(quán)重。利用Arcgis將研究區(qū)劃分成5012個(gè)900m×900m的網(wǎng)格評(píng)價(jià)單元,運(yùn)用綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型融合多源異構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)獲得了吳起縣生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)表格和地圖可視化兩種方式進(jìn)一步分析吳起縣生態(tài)安全情況。結(jié)果表明:(1)吳起地區(qū)生態(tài)安全整體狀況為一般狀態(tài),呈現(xiàn)出由南到北逐漸遞減的趨勢(shì)。(2)從空間分布水平差異來(lái)看,生態(tài)狀況良好區(qū)域主要分布于沿河兩岸,生態(tài)狀況惡劣的區(qū)域主要分布于吳起縣與定邊縣接壤地區(qū);(3)從吳起縣土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看,以林地和草地為主要土地利用類(lèi)型的區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況最佳,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)完整,所受外部壓力比較小,生態(tài)功能完善;以耕地和建筑用地為主要土地利用類(lèi)型的區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境等級(jí)差異較大,景觀(guān)比較破碎,外部壓力較大,生態(tài)環(huán)境等級(jí)差異明顯;(4)就縣域內(nèi)各個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)而言,生態(tài)情況最好的是西南方向的白豹鎮(zhèn)與長(zhǎng)官?gòu)R鎮(zhèn),平均生態(tài)安全指數(shù)超過(guò)了 71,基本沒(méi)有處于5級(jí)的區(qū)域。最差的是位于東北角的長(zhǎng)城鎮(zhèn),平均生態(tài)安全指數(shù)為54.425,處于生態(tài)安全等級(jí)5級(jí)的區(qū)域在該鎮(zhèn)占比達(dá)到4.461%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasingly prominent environmental problems, ecological security issues have gradually attracted more people's attention. Since the 18 Party of China brought the construction of ecological civilization into the overall plan of national "five-in-one" construction layout, How to evaluate the degree of regional ecological security and how to protect regional ecological security has become an important subject related to the sustainable development of human society. This paper takes Wuqi County as the research object. Based on the introduction of the theories and methods of ecological security assessment and the present situation of ecological security in Wuqi County, the pressure-state-response P-S-R model proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is used as a framework and based on remote sensing images. Population statistics and soil erosion data, using GIS and remote sensing techniques, are used to construct a population density index, including human activity disturbance index, net primary productivity index, average patch area index, soil erosion index, vegetation cover index, population density index. The ecological security evaluation index system, which includes 7 indexes such as land reclamation index, With the help of the analytic hierarchy process software yaahp V7.0, the index weight is determined by combining the judgment matrix with group decision making. The study area is divided into 5012900m 脳 900m grid evaluation units by Arcgis. The ecological security evaluation results of Wuqi County were obtained by using comprehensive evaluation model to fuse multi-source and heterogeneous data. The ecological security situation of Wuqi County is further analyzed by statistical tables and map visualization. The results show that the overall situation of ecological security in Wuqi area is a general state. Showing a decreasing trend from south to north. (2) from the difference of spatial distribution level, the region with good ecological condition is mainly distributed along the banks of the river. According to the land use structure of Wuqi County, the regional ecological environment with woodland and grassland as the main land use type is the best, and the ecosystem structure is relatively complete. The regional ecological environment grade with cultivated land and construction land as the main land use type is different greatly, the landscape is relatively broken, and the external pressure is great. There is a clear difference in ecological environmental grade (4) as far as the villages and towns in the county are concerned, the best ecological conditions are the white leopard town and the chief temple town in the southwest. The average ecological security index is more than 71, and there is no 5 grade area. The worst one is Changcheng town in the northeast corner. The average ecological security index is 54.425, and the proportion of the area in the fifth grade of ecological security level is 4.461 in this town.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X826

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本文編號(hào)：1510104