發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-09 23:18

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：北京地區(qū)濕地叢枝菌根真菌及其宿主植物多樣性研究　出處：《北京化工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 濕地 AM真菌 宿主植物 侵染率

【摘要】：我國濕地資源非常豐富,濕地在生產(chǎn)生活中的作用日益突出,特別是隨著城市化進(jìn)程的加快,濕地植物在城市景觀美化、人工濕地、生活廢水處理等的應(yīng)用越來越多,開發(fā)濕地環(huán)境中的生物資源顯得越來越重要。叢枝菌根(AM)真菌及其宿主植物是濕地環(huán)境的重要組分,但目前對(duì)它們?cè)跐竦丨h(huán)境中的分布特點(diǎn)、影響因素等了解還很少。北京濕地資源豐富,城市化水平較高,濕地植物在景觀美化、廢水處理、生態(tài)環(huán)境改善等方面的應(yīng)用較多。因此,本論文以北京地區(qū)主要類型濕地為重點(diǎn),開展AM真菌及其宿主植物多樣性的調(diào)查研究,并分析AM形成的影響因素,以其為開發(fā)利用北京濕地環(huán)境的生物資源提供參考。本研究首先對(duì)沙河水庫、南海子濕地、奧林匹克森林公園等北京地區(qū)主要類型濕地中的水體、植物以及沉積物進(jìn)取樣分析,然后根據(jù)分析結(jié)果進(jìn)一步確定以南海子濕地公園和奧林匹克森林公園為重點(diǎn)開展時(shí)間序列觀察研究。主要結(jié)果如下：共在72個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)采集315株植物,隸屬32科49屬56種,包括蕨類植物1科、1屬、2種,單子葉植物11科、25屬、29種;雙子葉植物20科、23屬、25種。其中,52種植物存在AM結(jié)構(gòu),比例高達(dá)92.8%;50%以上的采樣點(diǎn)中均出現(xiàn)AM真菌宿主植物蘆葦(Phragmites australi)、香蒲(Typha orientalis),說明兩者是北京濕地最常見的AM植物。通過對(duì)AM真菌孢子形態(tài)學(xué)鑒定以及PCR-DGGE圖譜分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)北京地區(qū)濕地環(huán)境中AM真菌以球囊霉屬(Glomus)和無梗囊霉屬(Acaulospora)為主,其次是多囊孢霉屬(Diversispora)、巨孢囊霉屬(Gigaspora),球囊霉屬為優(yōu)勢(shì)屬。不同位點(diǎn)AM真菌種類、相似性差異較大。同一位點(diǎn)不同植物根際AM真菌相似性也具有較大差異,最高超過80%,最低不到20%。沉積物理化性質(zhì)對(duì)AM真菌多樣性及優(yōu)勢(shì)度影響最為顯著,NH4+-N、TDP和TOC不僅降低AM真菌的多樣性,而且降低優(yōu)勢(shì)菌的優(yōu)勢(shì)度。AM真菌多樣性還受季節(jié)影響,表現(xiàn)為春季AM真菌多樣性高于秋季。菌根侵染率受水文狀況影響較小,受沉積物理化性質(zhì)影響較大。宿主植物侵染率隨著水體中PO43-、TDP和沉積物中TDP的升高而降低,磷一定程度上抑制濕地植物AM結(jié)構(gòu)的形成。沉積物中有機(jī)質(zhì)含量對(duì)宿主植物侵染率影響最為顯著,有機(jī)質(zhì)的存在促進(jìn)了植物形成AM結(jié)構(gòu)形成的幾率,菌根侵染率還具有一定的季節(jié)性差異。
[Abstract]:China is rich in wetland resources, wetland in the production and life of increasingly prominent role, especially with the acceleration of urbanization, wetland plants in urban landscape beautification, constructed wetlands. With more and more applications of domestic wastewater treatment, the development of biological resources in wetland environment is becoming more and more important. Arbuscular mycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungi and their host plants are important components of wetland environment. However, there is little understanding of their distribution characteristics and influencing factors in wetland environment. Beijing is rich in wetland resources, high level of urbanization, wetland plants in landscape beautification, wastewater treatment. Therefore, this paper focuses on the main types of wetland in Beijing, and studies the diversity of AM fungi and their host plants, and analyzes the influencing factors of AM formation. This study provides a reference for the development and utilization of the biological resources of Beijing wetland environment. Firstly, this study provides water bodies in the main types of wetlands in Beijing, such as Shahe Reservoir, Nanhaizi Wetland, Olympic Forest Park and so on. Plant and sediment sampling analysis. Then according to the results of the analysis, it was further determined to focus on the Nanhaizi Wetland Park and the Olympic Forest Park. The main results were as follows: a total of 315 plants were collected in 72 sampling sites. There are 56 species belonging to 49 genera and 32 families, including 1 family, 1 genus and 2 species of ferns, and 29 species of monocotyledonous plants belonging to 11 families, 25 genera and 25 genera. There are 25 species of dicotyledonous plants belonging to 23 genera and 20 families. 52 species of dicotyledonous plants have AM structure and the proportion is up to 92.8%. Phragmites australii, Typha orientalis, a host plant of AM fungi, were found in more than 50% sampling sites. The results showed that both of them were the most common AM plants in Beijing wetland. The spore morphology of AM fungi and the analysis of PCR-DGGE map were analyzed. It was found that the main AM fungi in the wetland environment in Beijing were Glomus and Acaulospora. The next is Diversispora, Gigaspora, and the dominant genus AM at different sites. The similarity of AM fungi in different rhizosphere of different plants at the same locus was also different, the highest value was more than 80%. The physical and chemical properties of sediment had the most significant effect on the diversity and dominance of AM fungi. NH _ 4-Nu _ (TDP) and TOC not only decreased the diversity of AM fungi. Moreover, the diversity of AM fungi in spring was higher than that in autumn, and the mycorrhizal infection rate was less affected by hydrological condition. The infection rate of host plants decreased with the increase of PO43-TDP and TDP in sediment. Phosphorus inhibited the formation of AM structure in wetland plants to some extent. The content of organic matter in sediment had the most significant effect on the infection rate of host plants, and the existence of organic matter promoted the formation of AM structure in plants. There were seasonal differences in mycorrhizal infection rate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：Q948;X17

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本文編號(hào)：1402934