【摘要】：明清時(shí)期是近代漢語(yǔ)向現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)過(guò)渡的一個(gè)重要階段,明清小說(shuō)是研究近代漢語(yǔ)的重要語(yǔ)料,其中,清代李汝珍的《鏡花緣》無(wú)疑是占據(jù)比較重要的地位的一部獨(dú)具特色的優(yōu)秀作品,被魯迅稱(chēng)為“清之以小說(shuō)見(jiàn)才學(xué)者”。從古至今,程度副詞都是漢語(yǔ)副詞中較為重要而又相當(dāng)復(fù)雜、使用頻率相當(dāng)高的一個(gè)詞類(lèi)。但對(duì)于《鏡花緣》程度副詞的研究,有關(guān)學(xué)者尚未給予足夠重視,至今沒(méi)有進(jìn)行過(guò)系統(tǒng)的研究。有鑒于此,論文采用專(zhuān)書(shū)研究的方法,對(duì)《鏡花緣》的程度副詞進(jìn)行窮盡性的調(diào)查和研究,全面考察書(shū)中程度副詞的使用情況。 總體而言,《鏡花緣》是用當(dāng)時(shí)通行的官話(huà),較為規(guī)范的書(shū)面語(yǔ),進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作�！剁R花緣》的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格較“文”,但不是文言體。它的語(yǔ)言,既具有近代漢語(yǔ)的般特點(diǎn),也有自己的個(gè)性特色。而大量貼近生活的口語(yǔ)的有意采用,賦予此作品復(fù)雜的方言色彩。社會(huì)各階層語(yǔ)言皆在其中,對(duì)研究當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)語(yǔ)言也有一定的意義。 本文首先對(duì)《鏡花緣》中的程度副詞進(jìn)行平面上的靜態(tài)描寫(xiě),查找出現(xiàn)的程度副詞的全部用例,從句法、語(yǔ)義、表達(dá)功能等方面多角度觀(guān)察,力圖深入細(xì)致地對(duì)文獻(xiàn)里的程度副詞的使用情況作出分析。既考察詞在清之前的形態(tài),也解析詞在清之后的發(fā)展演變,對(duì)《鏡花緣》程度副詞作立體全面的描寫(xiě)和分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)比各個(gè)子類(lèi)的共同點(diǎn)和差異性,找出一些語(yǔ)言規(guī)律。本文除了在描寫(xiě)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)比較研究和多角度的觀(guān)察,還運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法化理論、語(yǔ)義學(xué)、語(yǔ)用學(xué)等理論,力求對(duì)《鏡花緣》程度副詞的源頭及其形成和用法作出較合理的探索和論證。 文章主要分四部分進(jìn)行論述： 第一部分,對(duì)《鏡花緣》這一文獻(xiàn)作總體介紹,界定近代漢語(yǔ)上下限,說(shuō)明選題目的及研究的意義,總結(jié)以往學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)《鏡花緣》從語(yǔ)言學(xué)角度進(jìn)行的研究成果。 第二部分,對(duì)副詞和程度副詞的界定和分類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別做了闡述。 第三部分,將《鏡花緣》中出現(xiàn)的57個(gè)程度副詞劃分為三類(lèi),對(duì)其句法、語(yǔ)義進(jìn)行了詳盡的分析與描寫(xiě),包括語(yǔ)義來(lái)源與發(fā)展、句法功能、組合能力、適用句式、情態(tài)等方面。 第四部分,系統(tǒng)分析了程度副詞的句法組合功能,總結(jié)了《鏡花緣》中程度副詞的基本特點(diǎn),探索發(fā)展變化的規(guī)律。 對(duì)《鏡花緣》中的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行研究,不僅有助于系統(tǒng)完整的漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法史的形成,也有助于探尋現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)法的來(lái)源和演變,并且在語(yǔ)言發(fā)展演變等方面也有理論上的啟示。
[Abstract]:The Ming and Qing dynasties were an important stage in the transition from modern Chinese to modern Chinese. The novels of Ming and Qing dynasties were important materials for studying modern Chinese, among which, Li Ruzhen's Mirror Flowers in Qing Dynasty is undoubtedly an outstanding work with unique characteristics, which occupies an important position. Lu Xun called it "the scholar of Qing Dynasty to see the novel". Since ancient times, degree adverbs have been one of the most important and complex adverbs in Chinese. However, the relevant scholars have not paid enough attention to the study of degree adverbs, so far no systematic study has been carried out. In view of this, this paper makes a thorough investigation and research on the degree adverbs of "Mirror Flower margin" by the method of special book research, and makes a comprehensive investigation of the use of degree adverbs in the book. Generally speaking, the language style of "Mirror Flower margin" is more "Wen" than that of "Wen", but it is not classical Chinese, but it is written in the popular official language and more standardized written language at that time. Its language, not only has the general characteristics of modern Chinese, but also has its own personality characteristics. And a large number of close to the life of the intended use of spoken language, giving this work complex dialect color. The language of all levels of society is among them, also has certain significance to the study of the social language at that time. In this paper, we first make a static description of the degree adverbs in the mirror, find out all the use cases of the degree adverbs, and observe them from the aspects of syntax, semantics, expression function, and so on. Try to make a thorough and detailed analysis of the use of degree adverbs in the literature. This paper not only examines the form of words before Qing Dynasty, but also analyzes the development and evolution of words after Qing Dynasty, and makes a three-dimensional and comprehensive description and analysis of adverbs of degree of "Mirror Flower margin". On this basis, the similarities and differences of each subclass are compared to find out some linguistic rules. On the basis of descriptive analysis, through comparative study and multi-angle observation, this paper also applies grammaticalization theory, semantics, pragmatics and other theories. The author tries to make reasonable exploration and demonstration on the origin, formation and usage of the adverb of degree of "Mirror Flower margin". The article is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the literature of "Mirror Flower margin", defines the upper and lower bound of modern Chinese, explains the purpose of choosing the topic and the significance of the research. This paper summarizes the achievements of the previous academic research on "the Flower of Mirror" from the perspective of linguistics. In the second part, the definition and classification criteria of adverbs and degree adverbs are described. In the third part, the 57 degree adverbs appearing in Mirror Flower margin are divided into three categories, and their syntax and semantics are analyzed and described in detail, including semantic origin and development, syntactic function, combinatorial ability, applicable sentence pattern, modality and so on. In the fourth part, the syntactic composition function of degree adverbs is analyzed systematically, the basic characteristics of degree adverbs are summarized, and the law of development and change is explored. The study of grammatical phenomena in Mirror not only contributes to the formation of systematic and complete history of Chinese grammar, but also helps to explore the origin and evolution of modern grammar, and also has theoretical implications in the development and evolution of language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146

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