【摘要】：非賓格假說(shuō)一直以來(lái)都是句法學(xué)界研究和討論的熱點(diǎn)。許多學(xué)者利用這種假說(shuō)對(duì)漢語(yǔ)非賓格動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行了研究，但仍有許多問(wèn)題沒(méi)有得到徹底的解決。比如，對(duì)于漢語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象，許多學(xué)者主要從格理論和輕動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行了闡述，但這些理論沒(méi)有普遍應(yīng)用性。漢語(yǔ)非賓格動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)句式中，除了動(dòng)詞后的受事論元外，句首還有個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)。傳統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)法無(wú)法給這些名詞短語(yǔ)指派合適的角色。研究表明，，這類(lèi)句子都屬于帶有中間論元與內(nèi)在論元的二元非賓格句。非賓格動(dòng)詞前的名詞短語(yǔ)在論元結(jié)構(gòu)中都擔(dān)任經(jīng)驗(yàn)者的角色，在句法結(jié)構(gòu)中都位于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主語(yǔ)位置，它們到達(dá)主語(yǔ)位置的手段不是移位，而是基礎(chǔ)生成。 黃正德(2007)指出，不僅一元?jiǎng)釉~分為非賓格和非作格動(dòng)詞，二元和三元?jiǎng)釉~也可以分為非賓格和非作格動(dòng)詞。因此所有的動(dòng)詞都可以歸結(jié)于非賓格系列和非作格系列中。在漢語(yǔ)的雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)中，“給、予”類(lèi)動(dòng)詞屬于非賓格系列，“偷、搶”類(lèi)動(dòng)詞屬于非作格系列。非賓格系列描述一切以受事為中心的事件，而非作格系列則代表一切以施事為中心的事件。我們把“給、予”類(lèi)的雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)分析為三元非賓格結(jié)構(gòu)，即一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)（受事）及兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)（致事和歷事），“偷、搶”類(lèi)動(dòng)詞的雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)分析為三元非作格結(jié)構(gòu)，即一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（施事）及兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)（受事和蒙事）。 被動(dòng)句式中的動(dòng)詞也被看作是一種派生的非賓格動(dòng)詞，它是由相應(yīng)的及物動(dòng)詞形成。經(jīng)過(guò)被動(dòng)化的操作過(guò)程，原來(lái)的及物動(dòng)詞的外論元受到抑制，同時(shí)動(dòng)詞也喪失了原有的及物性，從而成了不及物動(dòng)詞。被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞在賓語(yǔ)位置上基礎(chǔ)生成的賓語(yǔ)有時(shí)仍可保留在原位，這是漢語(yǔ)具有顯性非賓格現(xiàn)象的一個(gè)證據(jù)。本文認(rèn)為，動(dòng)詞之后的論元名詞組雖然從動(dòng)詞那里無(wú)法獲得賓格，但可以將空主語(yǔ)位置的主格繼承過(guò)來(lái)，漢語(yǔ)的名詞詞組移位則是為了生成一個(gè)無(wú)標(biāo)記話(huà)題。在論元名詞組留在原位的同時(shí)，漢語(yǔ)非賓格句子允許句首位置出現(xiàn)一個(gè)表示領(lǐng)屬的名詞組。該領(lǐng)有名詞組應(yīng)該分析為基礎(chǔ)生成的標(biāo)記性話(huà)題，由述語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)義變量所允許。論元名詞組進(jìn)入空主語(yǔ)位置則生成受事主語(yǔ)句。
[Abstract]:The non-objective hypothesis has always been a hot topic in the field of sentence law. Many scholars have used this hypothesis to study Chinese non-object verbs, but there are still many problems that have not been solved thoroughly. For example, the phenomenon of intransitive verb with object in Chinese has been expounded by many scholars mainly from case theory and light verb, but these theories are not universally applied. There is a noun phrase at the beginning of the sentence, in addition to the patient argument after the verb. Traditional grammar cannot assign proper roles to these noun phrases. It is shown that these sentences belong to binary unobjective sentences with intermediate argument and internal argument. The noun phrases before the unobjective verbs play the role of empiricists in the argument structure and the standard subject positions in the syntactic structures. The means to reach the subject positions are not the shift but the basic generation. Huang Zhengde (2007) pointed out that not only the univariate verbs can be divided into non-objective and non-ergative verbs, but also the binary and ternary verbs can be divided into non-objective and non-ergative verbs. Therefore, all verbs can be attributed to the non-case series and non-ergative series. In the double object structure of Chinese, the verb of "give, give" belongs to the series of unobjectibles, and the verb of "steal, rob" belongs to the series of non-errands. The non-bin series describes all events centered on the patient, and the non-ergative series represents all the events centered on the agent. We analyze the double object structure of "giving, giving" as a three-element non-object structure, that is, one object (subject) and two subjects (cause and history), and the double object structure of "steal, rob" type verb is analyzed as a ternary non-case structure. That is, a subject (agent) and two objects (subject and mischief). The verb in the passive sentence is also regarded as a derivative unobjective verb, which is formed by the corresponding transitive verb. After the passive operation, the external argument of the original transitive verb is restrained, and the verb also loses its original and transitivity, thus becoming intransitive verb. The object generated by passive verbs in the position of object can sometimes be retained in the same position, which is a proof of the phenomenon of explicit non-object in Chinese. This paper holds that although the argument name phrase after the verb can not obtain the object case from the verb, it can inherit the subject case of the empty subject position, and the shift of the noun phrase in Chinese is in order to generate an unmarked topic. While the argument name phrase remains in place, the Chinese unobjective sentence allows the appearance of a name phrase at the beginning of the sentence. The famous phrase should be analyzed as a basis for generating marked topics, which are permitted by the semantic variables in the predicate. The argument name phrase enters the empty subject position and generates the subject sentence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146

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