【摘要】： 新詞是指為了反映新事物、新概念、新思維等而出現(xiàn)在書面語(yǔ)及口語(yǔ)中，表義明確、利于交際的詞匯。二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來(lái)，世界進(jìn)入信息時(shí)代，科學(xué)技術(shù)以前所未有的速度向前發(fā)展，世界政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等領(lǐng)域發(fā)生了巨大變化。與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)進(jìn)行了一系列的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革，社會(huì)各方面發(fā)生了驚人的變化。因此，英漢語(yǔ)都出現(xiàn)了大量的新詞。詞匯歷來(lái)是外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和外語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的難點(diǎn)，新詞屬于詞匯發(fā)展變化的最前沿，其學(xué)習(xí)難度不言而喻。 任何一種語(yǔ)言的新詞都不是憑空臆造的，而是在一定的社會(huì)環(huán)境下、根據(jù)自身詞匯材料按一定的規(guī)律構(gòu)成的。本文從詞匯學(xué)、語(yǔ)義學(xué)和社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)的角度對(duì)英漢新詞進(jìn)行了全面的對(duì)比分析，旨在幫助外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者了解英漢新詞的構(gòu)詞規(guī)律、語(yǔ)義特點(diǎn)及其社會(huì)文化內(nèi)涵，同時(shí)，加深對(duì)英漢語(yǔ)的認(rèn)識(shí)，，進(jìn)一步了解語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展規(guī)律。 本文中的英漢新詞大多來(lái)源于《英漢大詞典補(bǔ)編》、《新華新詞語(yǔ)詞典》、《新世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)新詞語(yǔ)雙解詞典》、《牛津新詞詞典》、《20世紀(jì)新詞語(yǔ)詞典》、《朗文當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)詞典》第三版增補(bǔ)本及《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》2002年增補(bǔ)本。還有一些出自近年來(lái)剛剛出版的流行語(yǔ)手冊(cè)。 作者首先在闡明新詞的定義和分類的基礎(chǔ)上追述了英漢語(yǔ)新詞的來(lái)源。英漢新詞大都來(lái)源于三種途徑：運(yùn)用本民族的語(yǔ)言材料構(gòu)造新詞，舊詞賦新義和借用其它民族的語(yǔ)言。 本文的重點(diǎn)是對(duì)比分析英漢新詞構(gòu)詞特征，語(yǔ)義特征及社會(huì)文化特征。英漢新詞構(gòu)詞特征的對(duì)比分析是從對(duì)英漢新詞構(gòu)詞方法的調(diào)查入手的。利用他人及自己的調(diào)查，得出復(fù)合法、加綴法和縮略法是二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來(lái)英漢語(yǔ)中最活躍的構(gòu)詞方法，每一種方法在這兩種語(yǔ)言中的作用不盡相同。復(fù)合法是兩種語(yǔ)言中最活躍的構(gòu)詞方法，但其作用在漢語(yǔ)中相對(duì)較大。而加綴法在英語(yǔ)中明顯比漢 肇 碩士學(xué)位論文 人4A只【’〔R’凡’f 11廠氣15 語(yǔ)中起的作用要大�？s略法的作用在英漢語(yǔ)中貝l}相似。每種方法構(gòu)成的新詞結(jié)構(gòu) 特點(diǎn)既有相同之處，也有不同之處。英語(yǔ)重形合，而漢語(yǔ)重意合。因此，英語(yǔ)構(gòu) 詞成分可能有形態(tài)變化，使得它們?cè)趶?fù)合詞中的位置較為靈活。漢語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞成分不 具形態(tài)變化，在復(fù)合詞中的位置多受其語(yǔ)法關(guān)系的限制。英語(yǔ)詞綴是由音節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)化 而成的，漢語(yǔ)詞綴則是有獨(dú)立意義的漢字轉(zhuǎn)化而成。英語(yǔ)縮略詞是從詞或詞組中 提取字母或音節(jié)而成，而漢語(yǔ)縮略詞則是由具有獨(dú)立意義的漢字組成。 英漢新詞語(yǔ)義特征的分析是結(jié)合新詞的理?yè)?jù)性展開(kāi)的。絕大多數(shù)英漢新詞都 一具有一定的理?yè)?jù)性，與其構(gòu)詞成份即詞和語(yǔ)素關(guān)系密切。新詞意義要么是構(gòu)詞成 分意義的簡(jiǎn)單相加，要么是在構(gòu)詞成分意義的基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)想而來(lái)。語(yǔ)義的透明性、 生動(dòng)性，語(yǔ)義泛化與縮小及語(yǔ)法意義和情感意義的變化是英漢新詞的共同特征。 但這些語(yǔ)義特征的表現(xiàn)方式和程度卻不盡相同。英漢語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)使?jié)h語(yǔ)新詞比英語(yǔ) 新詞更具透明度。英漢語(yǔ)都借助于隱喻，借喻等修辭手段來(lái)形象地表達(dá)思想，但 相同情況下，英語(yǔ)多賦舊詞以形象的意義，而漢語(yǔ)則是創(chuàng)造形象的復(fù)合詞。 英漢新詞社會(huì)文化特征的分析是從社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)的角度進(jìn)行分析的。語(yǔ)言隨著 社會(huì)的變化而發(fā)展。在語(yǔ)言各要素中，詞匯對(duì)社會(huì)的變化最敏感。因此，社會(huì)的 發(fā)展變化是新詞產(chǎn)生的主要推動(dòng)力量。在所有社會(huì)因素當(dāng)中，最具影響力的是科 學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)的變化及人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹亩鄻踊�。英語(yǔ)國(guó)家和中國(guó)的 社會(huì)情況不同，使得其新詞有所不同。與此同時(shí)，日益增長(zhǎng)的全球化趨勢(shì)巨大地 促進(jìn)了中國(guó)與英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的交流與合作。這不僅使英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)中對(duì)應(yīng)新詞愈來(lái)愈 多，而且使得中國(guó)人在許多方面觀點(diǎn)越來(lái)越與西方人趨于一致，這一點(diǎn)在新詞中 就有所反映。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)英漢新詞的全面對(duì)比分析，揭示了英漢新詞不同之處和共同之 處。英漢新詞是語(yǔ)言因素和社會(huì)因素相互作用的結(jié)果。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，將產(chǎn)生 更多的英漢新詞。同時(shí)，英漢民族交往的日益頻繁必將促進(jìn)英漢語(yǔ)的進(jìn)一步接觸， 英漢新詞也將呈現(xiàn)更多的相似點(diǎn)。 英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)都是當(dāng)今世界使用廣泛的語(yǔ)言，全面系統(tǒng)地對(duì)比分析英漢新詞對(duì) 肇 碩士學(xué)位論文 入IA凡1’F只’凡丁I!Esl凡 外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和外語(yǔ)教學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)具有特別重要的指導(dǎo)意義。首先，通過(guò)比較分析英漢新 詞，使外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者能更清楚的了解目的語(yǔ)新詞的構(gòu)詞特點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)義特點(diǎn)，促進(jìn)目的 語(yǔ)新詞的學(xué)習(xí)，擴(kuò)大詞匯量。其次，還能使外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者加深對(duì)目的語(yǔ)文化的認(rèn)識(shí)， 了解英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)不同的表達(dá)方式，準(zhǔn)確地理解和翻譯社會(huì)文化內(nèi)涵豐富的目的語(yǔ) 新詞。
[Abstract]:New words are used to reflect new things, new concepts, new thinking and so on. Since the 1980s, the world has entered the information age, and science and technology have developed in an unprecedented speed, and the world politics, economy, culture and other fields have changed greatly. At the same time, China has made a series of political, economic, and social changes. Therefore, both English and Chinese have a large number of new words. The vocabulary has always been a difficult point in foreign language learning and foreign language teaching. The new words of any kind of language are not based on the imagination, but in a certain social environment, according to their own vocabulary materials This paper makes a comprehensive comparison and analysis of English and Chinese neologisms from the perspective of lexicology, semantics and sociolinguistics. to deepen the understanding of English and Chinese, and to further The English and Chinese neologisms in this paper are mostly from the Chinese and Chinese Dictionary of Chinese Dictionary, the Chinese New Words Dictionary, and the New English New Words Dictionary for the New Century. The Oxford New Word Dictionary, the New Word Dictionary for the 20th Century, the English Dictionary of the Contemporary English, and the third edition of the English Dictionary. Supplement of the Chinese Dictionary and the Modern Chinese Dictionary in 2002. There are also some of the pop-language manuals that have just been published in recent years. In the first place, the source of the new words of English and Chinese is traced on the basis of the definition and classification of the new words. The language materials of this nation are used to construct new words, old words and other languages. The focus of this paper is to compare and analyze the characteristics of neologisms in English and Chinese. The comparative analysis of the characteristics of Chinese and English neologisms is based on the investigation of the methods of word formation in English and Chinese. The most active method of word-building in English and Chinese since the 1980s, each of which is in both languages The effect of the compound method is not the same. The composite method Yes the two of the two languages active word-building method, but which The role of the role in Chinese It's bigger. And the addition method is in English. Obvious to the Han in the language to make a difference master's degree paper Human 4A['R' van The role of the 'f 11' in the 15-language is big. The Role of the Law in English Similar in Chinese. The new word structure of each method characteristic existing phase In the same place, there is also a difference. The English is in a heavy form, and the Chinese are in a good sense.. Therefore, the English structure The composition of the word may change in form so that they are in a more spiritual position in the compound word Live. The composition of the Chinese word-building is not changed, and the position in the compound word is not changed. The limitation of its grammatical relation. English affixes are converted by syllables. That's what you're doing, man. An English abbreviation is a word or a word. in group The Chinese abbreviation is made up of Chinese characters with independent meaning. The analysis of the new word meaning in English and Chinese is based on the theory of new words. most English and Chinese neologisms all have a certain sense of reason and the composition of the word. That is, the word and the morpheme are closely related. The meaning of the new word is either a word or a word. The simple addition of the word is either by association on the basis of the meaning of the word-forming component. The transparency of the semantics, vividness, the generalization and the reduction of the semantic and the meaning of the grammatical meaning and the emotion The change of righteousness is English The common characteristics of Chinese neologisms. But the way and degree of performance of these semantic features The characteristics of English and Chinese make Chinese neologisms more English than English New words are more transparent In English and Chinese, by means of the rhetoric of metaphor, metonymy, etc. means to express ideas in an image, but in that same case, an old word is given in English The meaning of the image, and the Chinese is the complex of the creation of the image The analysis of the social and cultural characteristics of neologisms in English and Chinese is from the angle of sociolinguistics degree of analysis The language develops with the change of society. In each element of the language, vocabulary The change of society is the most sensitive. Therefore, the change of society's development is a new word the main driving force In all social factors, the most influential is the family. The development, the political, and the economy of the technology. Change and the diversification of people's daily life. English-speaking countries and China's society will in case of different situation, The new words are different. At the same time, it is increasing The long globalization trend has been greatly promoted The Communication and the Combination of the Chinese and the English This not only makes the corresponding neologisms in English and Chinese more and more, but also in many way, that Chinese view more and more In the new words, this is the same as the westerners. This paper is a reflection of the overall contrast between Chinese and English neologisms. to reveal
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號(hào)】：H03

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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8 郭欣;英漢新詞詞匯化程度對(duì)比分析[D];煙臺(tái)大學(xué);2009年

9 肖飛;英漢語(yǔ)新詞對(duì)比研究[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2010年

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本文編號(hào)：2394129