【摘要】：拒絕言語行為因?yàn)槠涿孀油{本質(zhì)和對語用能力的高要求成為跨文化研究領(lǐng)域的熱點(diǎn)話題。不同的文化在實(shí)施這一拒絕言語行為時(shí)有其慣有的規(guī)范和模式,如果不了解這些規(guī)范和模式,不必要的沖突和摩擦就會出現(xiàn),從而有損人際交往的和諧。因此,在跨文化交際越來越多的背景下,對拒絕言語行為的跨文化對比研究顯得尤為必須和重要。 本研究選取歷時(shí)兩年的國際熱點(diǎn)問題——朝鮮半島和伊朗核問題,對中美兩國新聞發(fā)言人在例行記者招待會上的拒絕言語行為進(jìn)行對比研究,以期解決以下三個研究問題：1.中美新聞發(fā)言人直接拒絕和間接拒絕的比例對比有何異同?2.中美雙方所使用的直接拒絕和間接拒絕的具體策略有何異同?3.哪些潛在的文化模式帶來兩國新聞發(fā)言人拒絕言語行為的異同? 本文基于言語行為理論,會話原則和禮貌原則從中美發(fā)言人的回答中仔細(xì)篩選出166項(xiàng)中國拒絕數(shù)據(jù)和329項(xiàng)美國拒絕數(shù)據(jù),再以稍作修改的Beebe et al (1990)的拒絕策略分類框架為基礎(chǔ),將收集到的拒絕數(shù)據(jù)分為兩大類：直接拒絕和間接拒絕,直接拒絕中包含三類拒絕策略,間接拒絕中包含八大類策略十四類子策略。對比分析直接和間接拒絕的比例,具體策略后,應(yīng)用禮貌的普遍性,文化模式的三個維度(高語境和低語境,個人主義和集體主義,正式和非正式)來解釋兩國新聞發(fā)言人拒絕言語行為的異同。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：1.中國的間接拒絕比例是96%,直接拒絕4%,美國間接拒絕68%,直接拒絕32%,兩國的間接拒絕比例都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過直接拒絕。但相比較而言,中國的間接拒絕比例又遠(yuǎn)高于美國。2.美國新聞發(fā)言人采用更多的拒絕策略,涵蓋確定的總策略中所有子策略而中國相對來說使用的拒絕策略類型較少些,未使用直接拒絕中的“No”,間接拒絕中的“反問”,“幽默”,“評價(jià)提問”,拒絕話語較短。在具體策略使用上,中國發(fā)言人傾向使用“表達(dá)愿望和態(tài)度”,“回避”,“模糊回答”,而美國發(fā)言人偏愛“回避”,“說明原因”,“表達(dá)愿望和態(tài)度”,“提供他法”。(按比例從高到低)在高于平均比例的策略中,中方的“模糊回答”,“表達(dá)愿望和態(tài)度”比例顯著高于美方。而美方的“推遲回答”,“提供他法”相對較高。另外,諸如“停頓”,“稱呼語”這樣的拒絕附屬語頻繁出現(xiàn)在美方數(shù)據(jù)中但中方數(shù)據(jù)中未出現(xiàn)。3.禮貌的普遍性使得雙方呈現(xiàn)出相同性即都偏愛間接拒絕。但因?yàn)橹袊幕堑湫偷募w主義,高語境交流方式的正式文化,新聞發(fā)言人拒絕策略的使用更間接含蓄,而美國的個人主義,低語境交流方式的非正式文化使其新聞發(fā)言人在策略使用上更直接,明確。 本研究跨越出非正式場景,分析正式機(jī)構(gòu)場景中的自然拒絕言語行為,有助于啟發(fā)未來拒絕言語行為研究采取更廣泛的研究視角,同時(shí)也有助于記者,新聞發(fā)言人更好的了解實(shí)施跨文化交往中的拒絕言語行為。
[Abstract]:The rejection of speech acts is a topic in the field of cross-cultural research because of its face-threatening nature and the high demand for pragmatic competence. Different cultures have their customary norms and patterns in the implementation of this rejection speech act, and if they do not understand these norms and patterns, unnecessary conflicts and friction can occur, thus compromising the harmony of human communication. Therefore, in the context of more and more cross-cultural communication, the cross-cultural comparative study on the rejection of speech acts is especially important and important. In this study, two years of international hot-time issues, the Korean Peninsula and the Iranian nuclear issue, were selected, and a comparative study was made on the rejection of speech at a regular press conference by a two-state press spokesman in China, with a view to resolving the following three research issues: 1. What is the difference between the direct refusal and the indirect rejection of the United States press spokesman The same? 2. What is the specific strategy of direct rejection and indirect rejection used by both the Chinese and the United States The same? 3. What potential cultural patterns bring about the rejection of verbal behaviour by a two-State press spokesman This paper, based on the theory of speech act, the principle of speech and the principle of politeness, has carefully selected 166 Chinese rejection data and 329 United States refusal data, and then classified the framework with a slightly modified refusal policy of Beehe et al (1990). Based on the base, the collected rejected data is divided into two categories: direct rejection and indirect rejection, and the direct rejection contains three types of rejection policies, and the indirect rejection contains eight categories of policy 14 A comparative analysis of the proportion of direct and indirect rejection, the application of politeness, the three dimensions of cultural mode (high context and low context, individualism and collectivism, formal and informal) to explain the rejection of speech by a two-state press spokesman after a specific strategy. The similarities and differences of the research The study found: 1. The indirect rejection ratio of China is 96%, the direct rejection of 4%, the indirect rejection by the United States of 68%, the direct rejection of 32%, and the indirect rejection ratio of both countries is far too high In contrast, China's indirect rejection ratio is far higher in the US. 2. A U.S. press spokesman used more rejection strategies to cover all the substrategies in the overall strategy identified and the relatively small type of rejection policy in China, without the use of direct or indirect 鈥淣o鈥，

本文編號：2392023