【摘要】：所謂詞類轉(zhuǎn)換是指一個(gè)詞在不改變?cè)~的形態(tài)的情況下直接轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類,轉(zhuǎn)化后的詞具有新的意義和作用。作為一種特殊的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,詞類轉(zhuǎn)換一直深受國(guó)內(nèi)外語(yǔ)言學(xué)者的關(guān)注。名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞作為詞類轉(zhuǎn)換中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的詞類,廣泛存在于現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)當(dāng)中。名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞屬于語(yǔ)言中的非常規(guī)現(xiàn)象,如何正確看待這種非常規(guī)語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象及對(duì)于這一語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象的成因分析對(duì)名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞的發(fā)展起著重要的作用,對(duì)創(chuàng)造性使用語(yǔ)言、欣賞語(yǔ)言的創(chuàng)造性很有意義,因此對(duì)其研究是非常有價(jià)值的。 根據(jù)詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的定義可知,所謂名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞是指名詞在特定語(yǔ)境下不改變?cè)~的形態(tài)被直接用作動(dòng)詞,獲得動(dòng)詞的句法特征,衍生出相應(yīng)的動(dòng)作意義。這一現(xiàn)象在英語(yǔ)和古漢語(yǔ)中非常普遍,而且在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中也有日趨增長(zhǎng)的態(tài)勢(shì)。名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞的出現(xiàn)體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)言的經(jīng)濟(jì)型原則并且能產(chǎn)生很強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)用效果,具有研究?jī)r(jià)值。 本文從認(rèn)知語(yǔ)義學(xué)角度出發(fā),探討名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞的語(yǔ)義表達(dá)及其理解。本文指出名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞的語(yǔ)義基礎(chǔ)是原生名詞的內(nèi)涵意義,而名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞的語(yǔ)義衍生的基本理?yè)?jù)為原生名詞所指客體的典型特征。本文指出名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞的語(yǔ)義衍生通過(guò)比喻和引申兩種方式實(shí)現(xiàn)。名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞的語(yǔ)義衍生,是原生名詞語(yǔ)義偏移的結(jié)果：通過(guò)比喻實(shí)現(xiàn)原生名詞從字面義向隱喻義的偏移；通過(guò)引申實(shí)現(xiàn)原生名詞從指稱義向描寫(xiě)義的偏移。針對(duì)名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞的成因問(wèn)題本文從語(yǔ)言和心理兩方面因素著手分析�？陀^上的語(yǔ)言貧乏是形成名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞的直接原因。追求簡(jiǎn)潔和追求創(chuàng)新是名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞形成的心理因素。 本文對(duì)名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞現(xiàn)象做出評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞現(xiàn)象的優(yōu)點(diǎn)做出總結(jié),并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明其不足之處,最后本文闡述了名動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)類詞對(duì)詞匯教學(xué)、詞典編撰和漢譯英的啟示。
[Abstract]:The so-called part of speech transformation refers to the transformation of a word into another part of speech without changing the morphology of the word. The transformed word has new meaning and function. As a special language phenomenon, part-of-speech conversion has always been concerned by linguists at home and abroad. As the most frequent part of speech conversion, noun-verb-class words are widely used in modern English and Chinese. Nomenclature and verb transformation is an unconventional phenomenon in language. How to correctly treat this unconventional language phenomenon and its causes play an important role in the development of nomenclature and verb transformation, and in the creative use of language. It is meaningful to appreciate the creativity of language, so it is very valuable to study it. According to the definition of part of speech transformation, the so-called nomenclature and verb transfer word means that the noun does not change the form of the word directly as a verb in a specific context, obtains the syntactic characteristics of the verb, and derives the corresponding action meaning. This phenomenon is very common in English and ancient Chinese, and also has a growing trend in modern Chinese. The appearance of nomenclature and verb transformation reflects the economic principle of language and can produce strong pragmatic effect, so it is of great research value. From the perspective of cognitive semantics, this paper discusses the semantic expression and understanding of noun-verb-metaphoric words. This paper points out that the semantic basis of the noun is the connotative meaning of the noun, and the basic motivation of the semantic derivation of the noun is the typical characteristic of the object referred to by the noun. This paper points out that the semantic derivation of noun-verb-type words is realized by means of metaphor and extension. The semantic derivation of nouns is the result of semantic deviation of native nouns: the original nouns shift from literal to metaphorical meanings through metaphor and the original nouns from referential meanings to descriptive meanings by extension. This paper analyzes the causes of noun-verb-to-class words from two aspects of language and psychology. The lack of objective language is the direct reason for the formation of noun-verb-to-class words. The pursuit of conciseness and innovation is the psychological factor of the formation of noun. This paper evaluates the phenomenon of nomenclature, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the phenomenon, and finally expounds the implications of noun and verb for vocabulary teaching, dictionary compilation and Chinese-English translation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H04

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