【摘要】：《南齊書(shū)》是中古時(shí)期的正史作品,語(yǔ)言典雅簡(jiǎn)練,還有不少生動(dòng)活潑的口語(yǔ)。它成書(shū)于南朝齊梁年間,是中古漢語(yǔ)書(shū)面語(yǔ)的代表。 《南齊書(shū)》中的雙音述賓結(jié)構(gòu)可分為雙音述賓短語(yǔ)和述賓式雙音詞。雙音述賓短語(yǔ)的述語(yǔ)由四類詞充當(dāng)：動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、方位詞。其中,動(dòng)詞述語(yǔ)最多。在動(dòng)詞述語(yǔ)中又以強(qiáng)動(dòng)作性的動(dòng)作行為動(dòng)詞為多數(shù)。趨向動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞、弱動(dòng)作性動(dòng)詞、無(wú)動(dòng)作性動(dòng)詞、形容詞述語(yǔ)和名詞述語(yǔ)、方位詞述語(yǔ)都較少。不過(guò),無(wú)動(dòng)作性的存現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞在書(shū)中復(fù)現(xiàn)率很高。名詞和形容詞作述語(yǔ)都屬于詞類活用,方位詞述語(yǔ)則正處于向趨向動(dòng)詞過(guò)渡的階段。賓語(yǔ)以體詞性賓語(yǔ)為主,其中又以名詞為大多數(shù)。數(shù)詞、代詞、區(qū)別詞賓語(yǔ)較少。謂詞性賓語(yǔ)涉及兩種詞性：動(dòng)詞、形容詞。它們?cè)谶M(jìn)入詞匯層面時(shí)都轉(zhuǎn)為了名詞性語(yǔ)素。述賓語(yǔ)義關(guān)系非常豐富,以受事關(guān)系為多。 《南齊書(shū)》中述賓式雙音詞按詞性可分為動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞、副詞四類。其中,動(dòng)詞最多。構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的兩個(gè)語(yǔ)素可以含有動(dòng)詞性語(yǔ)素也可以不含有,但以“動(dòng)+名→動(dòng)”式最常見(jiàn)。名詞在數(shù)量上位居第二,但成詞方式很單一。形容詞和副詞的數(shù)量都較少。形容詞的構(gòu)成方式中可以含有形語(yǔ)素也可以不含有,但副詞的成詞方式都不含有副詞性語(yǔ)素。雙音詞中最有特色的是歷史詞,不僅數(shù)量眾多,而且詞義的覆蓋范圍及其廣泛,以祭祀類的為多數(shù)。從詞性上看,雙音述賓式歷史詞以動(dòng)詞為主。 述賓式雙音詞大多是由短語(yǔ)凝固而來(lái)的,但它的詞匯化也是有一定條件的。通過(guò)對(duì)《南齊書(shū)》述賓式雙音詞的考察發(fā)現(xiàn),雙音述賓短語(yǔ)詞匯化必須弱化述語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作性,使賓語(yǔ)模糊化、虛指化。由于轉(zhuǎn)喻和隱喻機(jī)制的存在,使這一條件成為了現(xiàn)實(shí)。在《南齊書(shū)》中有許多述賓式雙音詞都是通過(guò)這兩種手段成詞的。述賓短語(yǔ)的詞匯化是語(yǔ)言內(nèi)部因素跟語(yǔ)言外部因素同時(shí)作用的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:The book of the Southern Qi Dynasty is a historical work of the Middle Ancient period, with elegant and concise language and lively oral language. It was written in the Qi and Liang dynasties of the Southern Dynasty and was the representative of the written language in the Middle Ancient Chinese. The structure of double syllable and object in the Book of Nanqi can be divided into two types: double syllable object phrase and object type double syllable word. Double-syllable object phrases are represented by four types of words: verbs, nouns, adjectives, and locales. Among them, verbs are the most. In the verb predicate, the strong action verb is the majority. There are few directional verbs, sensory verbs, weak action verbs, non-action verbs, adjective and noun descriptors, and orientation words. However, non-action existential verbs are highly reproducible in the book. Both nouns and adjectives are used in parts of speech, while locative words are at the stage of transition to directional verbs. The object is mainly the body-of-speech object, in which the noun is the majority. Numerals, pronouns, and differentiating objects are few. Predicate objects involve two parts of speech: verbs and adjectives. When they enter the lexical level, they all turn into nominal morphemes. In the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, the two syllable words can be divided into four categories according to their parts of speech: verbs, adjectives, nouns and adverbs. Among them, the verb is the most. The two morphemes that make up a verb may or may not contain a verb morpheme, but the "verb noun" pattern is the most common. Nouns rank second in number, but in a single way. There are fewer adjectives and adverbs. Adjectives may or may not contain morphemes, but adverbs do not contain adverbial morphemes. The most characteristic of dicyllabic words is historical words, which not only has a large number, but also covers a wide range of meanings, most of which are sacrificial words. In terms of part of speech, two-syllable object-object historical words are mainly verbs. Most of the declarative disyllabic words come from the solidification of phrases, but their lexicalization also has certain conditions. Through the investigation of the two syllable words in the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, it is found that the lexicalization of the double syllable and the object phrase must weaken the action of the predicate and make the object vague and fictitious. Due to the existence of metonymy and metaphor mechanism, this condition has become a reality. In the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, many declarative and object disyllabic words are formed by these two methods. Lexicalization of predicate phrases is the result of both internal and external factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：H141

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