本文選題：馬的習語 + 英漢對比��； 參考：《山西師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：動物習語是習語中一個重要的組成部分，，基于動物與人類的關系，人們創(chuàng)造出不同動物的習語。在這些動物之中，馬的習語吸引了作者的注意。馬在中西方文化中的地位匪淺，以其俊朗溫順的外在體貌特征，高大健壯的形象一直為人們所應用所喜愛，體現(xiàn)在語言方面就是有數(shù)量眾多的關于馬的習語。中文中有380條馬的習語，而英語中馬的習語數(shù)量僅次于狗的習語數(shù)量，排在動物習語的第二位，在廈門大學編撰的《綜合英語成語字典》中就收錄了80余條馬的習語。先前的研究表明，中文中牛的習語與在英語中馬的習語有諸多相通之處，在翻譯時為了達到地道的效果，采取互換的方式。如中文中形容人們強壯，所用表達是強壯如牛，而轉譯成英文則變?yōu)閍s strong as a horse.由于這樣的研究現(xiàn)狀，學界對于馬的習語的中英文對比研究很少有涉獵。 語料庫在如今描述性語言學盛行的進程中扮演著越來越重要的角色，語料來源廣泛，容量巨大，可進行大規(guī)模的統(tǒng)計分析為研究者們提供了全面而客觀的語言研究工具。依據中文成語字典，中文成語網站，綜合英語成語字典，憑借語料庫的強大檢索功能，作者將字典中搜集到的習語條目進行檢索統(tǒng)計，得出習語使用環(huán)境，使用頻率，從而對比總結中英文中對于馬的習語使用的異同。 本文旨在對比中英兩種語言中關于馬的習語，總結其在每一種語言中的特點，以期形成規(guī)范性認知；對于先前馬的習語研究做進一步的延伸，跨出牛馬對照的藩籬，使得人們對于馬的習語有更為具體詳實的了解，在此基礎上，揭示出馬在兩種文化當中的不同地位作用。先借助權威的成語詞典，篩選出兩種語言中所有涉及到馬的習語，以此為數(shù)據，然后運用大型語料庫美國當代英語語料庫（COCA）和北京大學中國語言學研究中心（CCL）進行語料分析，數(shù)據統(tǒng)計，揭示出相應中英文馬的習語所包含的感情色彩，使用場合，繼而以認知語言學中隱喻和轉喻的觀點來進一步解析每一則習語所涉及認知域包含的本體及其喻體。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)中文中馬的習語中四字成語較多，且成語所用場合較為正式的認知，中文中馬的習語以褒義詞性為主流；而英文中馬的習語有一大部分源于體育賽馬，一般搭配為動詞+形容詞+馬的形式，使用場合偏向于非正式，且以批判告誡的意味為主流。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，中英文中都存在著以馬喻人以馬喻物的習語表達，英文中馬的習語使用較中文中更為自由，含義用途也更為豐富，也即意味著馬在英語文化中更為深入人心。因此，作者對于馬的習語語源進行了分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)中文中的馬的習語來源于戰(zhàn)爭，歷史典故；而英文馬的習語來源廣泛，既有歷史典故，賽馬運動，也有政治活動。進一步揭示中英語言中馬的習語的使用所反映出的民族心理，感情傾向，聯(lián)系以及差異。研究證明，英文中馬的習語使用范圍更廣泛，體現(xiàn)了馬在英語國家文化當中獨特的地位。本文對到對馬的習語的解讀采取認知語言學中主要理念隱喻與轉喻，為動物習語的分析解讀提供了新的思路；也對馬的習語做了相對全面的統(tǒng)計梳理，為以后對馬的習語的進一步研究奠定了物質基礎。
[Abstract]:Animal idioms are an important part of idioms. Based on the relationship between animals and human beings, people create idioms of different animals. In these animals, the idioms of the horse attract the attention of the author. There are a large number of idioms about horses in the language. In Chinese, there are 380 idioms in Chinese, while the number of idioms in English is second only to the number of dog idioms, which is ranked second in animal idioms. In the "comprehensive English idiom" compiled by Xiamen University, there are more than 80 idioms. The study shows that there are many similarities between the idioms of cattle in Chinese and the idioms in English in English. In order to achieve the true effect in translation, the idioms in English are interchangeable. For example, the expression is strong as a cow in Chinese, and the translation into English is as strong as a horse.. The contrastive study of Chinese and English is rarely involved in the study.
Corpus is playing a more and more important role in the current process of descriptive linguistics, with a wide range of materials and huge capacity. Large scale statistical analysis provides a comprehensive and objective language research tool for researchers. Based on Chinese idiom dictionary, Chinese idiom website, comprehensive English idiom dictionary, and corpus, the corpus is based on Corpus In order to compare and sum up the similarities and differences between Chinese and English idioms in Chinese and English, the author searches and statistics the idiom items collected in the dictionary, and obtains the use of the idioms and the frequency of the idioms.
The purpose of this paper is to compare the idioms of horses in both English and Chinese languages, to sum up their characteristics in each language in order to form a normative cognition; to further extend the study of the previous horse's idioms and to cross out the hedge of the horse and horse control, so that people have a more detailed and detailed understanding of the horse's idioms, and on this basis, reveal the horse. In the different roles of the two cultures, with the help of the authoritative idiom dictionary, all the idioms involved in the two languages are selected as the data, and then the corpus analysis and data statistics of the large corpus American Contemporary English Corpus (COCA) and the center for Chinese Linguistics of Peking University (CCL) are used to reveal the corresponding data. The English horse's idioms include the emotional color, the use of the occasion, and then a further analysis of the noumenon and its metaphor involved in the cognitive domain of each idiom in the cognitive linguistics. The study finds that there are more idioms in the idioms of the Chinese horse and the more formal cognition of the idioms, and the Chinese horse in the Chinese language. There is a majority of the idioms in the English language. In English, a large part of the idiom is derived from the sports horse race, which is usually used as a verb + Adjective + horse, and the occasion is biased towards the informal, and the critical warning is the mainstream. The use of idioms is more free and more rich in meaning than in Chinese, which means that the horse is more popular in the English culture. Therefore, the author makes an analysis of the language source of Ma's idiom, and finds that the idioms of horses in Chinese are derived from war and historical allusions, and the English Horse idioms have a wide range of idioms, both historical allusions and horse racing. It also has political activities. It further reveals the national psychology, emotional tendencies, relationships and differences reflected in the use of the idioms in the Chinese and English languages. The study shows that the use of the idioms in English is more extensive and reflects the unique position of the horse in the English culture. The main conceptual metaphors and metonymy provide a new way of thinking for the analysis and interpretation of animal idioms, and a relatively comprehensive statistical analysis of the idioms of horses, which lays a material foundation for further research on the idioms of horses.
【學位授予單位】：山西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H136;H313

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本文編號：2080600