本文選題：小 + 語義演變�。� 參考：《暨南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：“小”作為現(xiàn)代漢語中的較為常用的詞匯，其意義及用法較為多樣。“小”作為形容詞，表示程度義時(shí)有虛化的趨勢(shì)。“小”與名詞組合時(shí)，與名詞的不同類別組合時(shí)也有不同的語義和特點(diǎn)，進(jìn)而形成了一個(gè)較為龐大的“小”族詞語群�！靶　钡恼Z義除了表示事物的面積、數(shù)量等不及一般的事物外，還可表示程度等較為抽象虛化的語義。 從認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的角度來看，“小”的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了隱喻及轉(zhuǎn)喻等機(jī)制，，逐漸產(chǎn)生了新的語義和用法。從詞句角度看，考察“小”與其他詞語組合時(shí)的雙向選擇。特別是“小”作為形容詞時(shí)與名詞組合的規(guī)律。另外，“小”與謂詞性詞語組合時(shí)，“小”的語義虛化也是一個(gè)值得注意的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。 本文擬從歷時(shí)和共時(shí)的語料出發(fā)，以北京大學(xué)語料庫及歷代的文學(xué)作品為語料考察來源，從語義、詞法、句法和認(rèn)知等角度對(duì)“小”的語義動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展進(jìn)行考察。首先，對(duì)“小”作為形容詞與名詞組合的動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展進(jìn)行梳理。其次，是對(duì)“小”與謂詞性詞語組合的動(dòng)態(tài)分析，進(jìn)而發(fā)現(xiàn)“小”的意義逐漸虛化的過程。再次，對(duì)“小”的語義的動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展進(jìn)行梳理，歸納出“小”的發(fā)展變化軌跡。最后，從影響語言發(fā)展的內(nèi)部和外部因素對(duì)“小”的語義及用法的演變作出解釋。
[Abstract]:As a common word in modern Chinese, "Xiao" has various meanings and uses. As an adjective, "small" indicates the tendency of vacuity in the sense of degree. When "small" is combined with nouns, it also has different semantics and characteristics when combined with different categories of nouns, thus forming a relatively large group of words and expressions of "small" family. The semantics of "small" not only denote the area and quantity of things, but also represent the abstract semantics such as degree. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, the development of "small" has experienced the mechanism of metaphor and metonymy, and gradually produced new semantics and usage. From the point of view of words and sentences, this paper investigates the two-way choice of "small" and other words. In particular, "small" as an adjective and noun combination law. In addition, when "small" and predicate words are combined, the semantic vacuity of "small" is also a noteworthy development trend. Starting from the diachronic and synchronic corpus, this paper examines the semantic dynamic development of "small" from the perspectives of semantics, lexical morphology, syntax and cognition, taking the corpus of Peking University and literary works of the past dynasties as the source of corpus investigation. Firstly, the dynamic development of "small" as a combination of adjectives and nouns is combed. Secondly, the dynamic analysis of the combination of "small" and predicate words, and then find that the meaning of "small" gradually empty. Thirdly, the dynamic development of the meaning of "small" is combed, and the track of development and change of "small" is summed up. Finally, the evolution of the meaning and usage of "small" is explained from the internal and external factors that influence language development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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