本文選題：保加利亞語(yǔ) + 漢語(yǔ)　； 參考：《西安外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：保加利亞共和國(guó)是位于歐洲東南巴爾干半島中部的一個(gè)古老的國(guó)家，被人們譽(yù)為“玫瑰之都”。保加利亞語(yǔ)為印歐語(yǔ)系下的斯拉夫語(yǔ)族南支，是保加利亞的官方語(yǔ)言，使用者主要集中在巴爾干半島、保加利亞及其周邊地區(qū)，包括希臘、羅馬尼亞、匈牙利、摩爾達(dá)維亞和烏克蘭部分地區(qū)。近年來，隨著兩國(guó)政治友好的深入，兩國(guó)文化語(yǔ)言的交流也越來越廣泛。保加利亞漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)事業(yè)也得到了蓬勃發(fā)展，保國(guó)社會(huì)各行各業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的人數(shù)逐年增加，將漢語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言的學(xué)生也日益增多。 對(duì)于第二語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)者來說，語(yǔ)音階段的學(xué)習(xí)是必不可少的。對(duì)語(yǔ)音掌握的好壞，會(huì)直接影響學(xué)習(xí)者能否有效地運(yùn)用漢語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際。所以，在對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)中，語(yǔ)音教學(xué)是一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)，是今后語(yǔ)言深入學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)。保加利亞語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)音方面，既有相似之處，又有相異之處。 本文著重對(duì)保加利亞語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)音進(jìn)行對(duì)比闡述，分析兩者的異同。由于第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音時(shí)，不自覺地受到母語(yǔ)的影響，產(chǎn)生各種各樣的偏誤。因此，怎樣盡可能克服保語(yǔ)的影響，掌握清晰準(zhǔn)確的漢語(yǔ)發(fā)音，顯得尤為重要。本文將結(jié)合保加利亞學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音時(shí)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的問題，進(jìn)行具體分析，總結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并對(duì)今后保加利亞的漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音教學(xué)，提出行之有效的教學(xué)策略。 本文主體一共由五個(gè)章節(jié)組成。 第一章介紹并探討了二語(yǔ)習(xí)得相關(guān)理論對(duì)對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音習(xí)得研究的影響。 第二章對(duì)比分析了漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)與保語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)的異同。主要從三個(gè)方面來陳述： 1.保語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音概述。分別介紹了保語(yǔ)的字母、元音和輔音、無音字母、音節(jié)與重音等。 2.漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音概述。分別介紹了漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)音特點(diǎn)、元音與輔音、拼音與聲調(diào)。并對(duì)聲母、韻母、聲調(diào)做了進(jìn)一步介紹。 3.保漢語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)的對(duì)比分析。以表格的形式，重點(diǎn)從三個(gè)方面，進(jìn)行比較分析，總結(jié)二者的異同。 A.輔音系統(tǒng)的對(duì)比：首先進(jìn)行整體性的對(duì)比分析，其次進(jìn)行具體語(yǔ)音對(duì)比分析。以漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)為主體，將保語(yǔ)中與漢語(yǔ)相同或相似的音逐個(gè)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。具體分析的目的是要?dú)w納保漢語(yǔ)音中輔音的異同，以此總結(jié)保加利亞學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)輔音時(shí)的難點(diǎn)。 B.元音系統(tǒng)的對(duì)比：首先進(jìn)行整體性的對(duì)比分析，其次進(jìn)行具體的對(duì)比分析，之后歸納保漢元音的異同，總結(jié)出保加利亞學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)元音的難點(diǎn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，針對(duì)學(xué)生元音學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，本文也逐一提出了解決方法。 C.保語(yǔ)重音與漢語(yǔ)聲調(diào)的對(duì)比：保語(yǔ)的詞匯都有重音。很多詞的詞義取決于重音。保語(yǔ)詞重音的特點(diǎn)是動(dòng)力重音，即：保語(yǔ)的重音是由在重讀音節(jié)上用較大呼氣、氣流和更大的緊張程度構(gòu)成的。而且重音不固定，它不總是落在一個(gè)固定的音節(jié)上。漢語(yǔ)是有聲調(diào)的語(yǔ)言，聲調(diào)對(duì)漢語(yǔ)極其重要。其特征主要體現(xiàn)在了音節(jié)上，是音節(jié)內(nèi)的有區(qū)別意義作用的相對(duì)音高。對(duì)于母語(yǔ)是非聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言的保加利亞學(xué)生來說，掌握漢語(yǔ)的聲調(diào)是重中之重。 第三章辨析了保加利亞漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者語(yǔ)音習(xí)得偏誤。主要包括將漢語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言的保加利亞漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音時(shí)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的問題，如聲母偏誤、韻母偏誤、聲調(diào)偏誤等。 第四章側(cè)重研究保加利亞漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)時(shí)產(chǎn)生聲、韻、調(diào)等偏誤的原因。本文從六個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析，包括學(xué)習(xí)者母語(yǔ)的負(fù)遷移、目的語(yǔ)知識(shí)的負(fù)遷移、《漢語(yǔ)拼音方案》引起的偏誤、教材的不足以及教師的影響、學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)和學(xué)習(xí)策略以及學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的影響等。 第五章對(duì)保加利亞漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音教學(xué)提出了建議，分別從聲母、韻母和聲調(diào)教學(xué)三方面給出相關(guān)教學(xué)方面的策略。
[Abstract]:The Republic of Bulgaria is an ancient country in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is known as the "capital of roses". Bulgaria is the southern branch of the Slavic language family under the Indo European language family. It is the official language of Bulgaria. The speakers are mainly concentrated in the Balkan half, Bulgaria and its surrounding areas, including Greece. Mania, Hungary, moordavia and some parts of Ukraine. In recent years, with the deepening of the political friendship between the two countries, the exchange of cultural language between the two countries is becoming more and more extensive. The Chinese language teaching in Bulgaria has also developed rapidly. The number of Chinese in all walks of life is increasing year by year, and Chinese is the second language student. It is also increasing.
For the second language learners, the study of the phonetic stage is essential. The quality of the phonetic mastery will directly affect the learners' ability to communicate effectively in Chinese. Therefore, in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, phonetic teaching is an important link, and it is the basis for further study in the future. Bulgarian and Chinese are in language. On the aspect of sound, there are similarities and differences.
This article focuses on the comparison and analysis of the phonetics of Bulgarian and Chinese, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the two. Because the second language learners are unconsciously influenced by their mother tongue when they are learning Chinese phonetics, they produce a variety of errors. Therefore, how to overcome the influence of the language and grasp the clear and accurate pronunciation of Chinese is particularly important. This article will combine the problems that the Bulgarian students learn Chinese pronunciation often, make a specific analysis, sum up the experience of learning Chinese phonetics, and put forward an effective teaching strategy for the future Chinese Phonetics Teaching in Bulgaria.
The main body of this article is composed of five chapters.
The first chapter introduces and discusses the influence of two language acquisition theories on the study of TCFL.
The second chapter compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between the Chinese phonetic system and the speech preserving system. It mainly states from three aspects:
1. a brief introduction to the voice of the insured language. The letters, vowels and consonants, non syllable letters, syllable and stress are introduced respectively.
2. an overview of Chinese pronunciation. It introduces the characteristics of Chinese phonetics, vowels and consonants, Pinyin and tone respectively, and introduces the initial consonants, finals and tones.
3. a comparative analysis of Bao Han's voice system. In the form of form, we focus on three aspects to compare and analyze the similarities and differences between the two.
The contrast analysis of A. consonant system: firstly, the whole comparative analysis is carried out, and then the specific speech contrast analysis is carried out. The Chinese phonetic system is the main body, and the same or similar sounds in the Chinese language are compared. The purpose of the analysis is to sum up the similarities and differences of the consonants in the phonetics of Bao Han, so as to sum up the students of Bulgaria in the study Han Dynasty. The difficulty of the consonant.
B. vowel system comparison: first, the overall comparative analysis, followed by specific comparative analysis, then summed up the similarities and differences between the Chinese vowels, summed up the difficulties of Bulgarian students learning Chinese vowels. On this basis, in view of the difficulties of students vowel learning, this paper also put forward a solution by one by one.
C. stress stress contrasts with the Chinese tone: the word of the word has a stress. The meaning of a lot of words depends on the stress. The stress of a word is characterized by a dynamic stress, that is, the stress of a guarantee is made up of a large exhale, a air flow, and a greater degree of tension on a reread syllable. And the stress is not fixed, and it is not always fixed in a fixed position. On syllables, Chinese is a language with a tone, and the tone is very important to Chinese. Its characteristics are mainly embodied in syllables, a relative pitch with a distinct meaning within syllables. For Bulgarian students whose mother tongue is a non tone language, it is the most important to master the tone of Chinese.
The third chapter distinguishes the errors in the phonetic acquisition of the Bulgarian Chinese learners. It mainly includes the problems that the Chinese learners of Bulgarian Chinese in the second language often appear in the study of Chinese phonetics, such as the error of the consonant, the error of the vowel, and the error of the tone.
The fourth chapter focuses on the reasons why the Chinese learners of Bulgarian Chinese produce sound, rhyme, and other errors in learning Chinese. This article analyses from six aspects, including the negative transfer of the mother tongue of the learners, the negative transfer of the knowledge of the target language, the errors caused by the Chinese phonetic scheme, the inadequacy of the teaching materials and the influence of the teachers, the motivation of the learners and the learning motivation of the learners. Learning strategies and the influence of learning environment.
The fifth chapter puts forward some suggestions on the teaching of Chinese phonetics in Bulgarian Chinese learners. The teaching strategies are given from the three aspects of the consonant, the vowel and the tone teaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H195

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