【摘要】：語(yǔ)用模糊是一種常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)象。作為一種交際策略,它不僅經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在人們的日常交際中,而且也經(jīng)常被運(yùn)用到文學(xué)作品的創(chuàng)作中,以對(duì)話為主的戲劇尤為如此。語(yǔ)言的任意性,人思維的模糊性以及語(yǔ)境的不確定性,是導(dǎo)致語(yǔ)用模糊產(chǎn)生的客觀原因,而人類在使用語(yǔ)言過(guò)程中普遍遵循的語(yǔ)言經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則是其產(chǎn)生的主觀原因。從客觀性原因分析語(yǔ)用模糊的較多,但是鮮有從語(yǔ)言經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則研究語(yǔ)用模糊的。本研究以語(yǔ)言經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則為理論基礎(chǔ),以美國(guó)戲劇之父——尤金奧尼爾的自傳體戲劇《進(jìn)入黑夜的漫長(zhǎng)旅程》為語(yǔ)料,旨在研究其對(duì)白的語(yǔ)用模糊現(xiàn)象。首先,對(duì)語(yǔ)料中的語(yǔ)用模糊現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行搜集,并從語(yǔ)言經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則下對(duì)其進(jìn)行分類,分別為說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)言經(jīng)濟(jì)性下的雙重意圖語(yǔ)用模糊,雙關(guān)意圖語(yǔ)用模糊,潛在意圖與暗示意圖語(yǔ)用模糊以及敷衍意圖語(yǔ)用模糊,以及聽(tīng)話人語(yǔ)言經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則下的漠視對(duì)話效應(yīng)語(yǔ)用模糊、語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)用模糊,聽(tīng)者單方面推導(dǎo)出意圖的語(yǔ)用模糊,以及讀者推導(dǎo)出的語(yǔ)用模糊。其次,分別從說(shuō)話人和聽(tīng)話人語(yǔ)言經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則視角下研究不同類型話語(yǔ)語(yǔ)用模糊現(xiàn)象的經(jīng)濟(jì)性實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。最后,本研究著重從說(shuō)話人、聽(tīng)話人語(yǔ)言經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則視角下分別研究了不同類型語(yǔ)用模糊或不同的語(yǔ)言經(jīng)濟(jì)性實(shí)現(xiàn)方式所承擔(dān)的主要功能。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)言經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則下,語(yǔ)言的經(jīng)濟(jì)性在不同類型語(yǔ)用模糊中的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式主要有省略、詞匯替代、語(yǔ)用預(yù)設(shè)、詞匯暗示;而在聽(tīng)話人語(yǔ)言經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則下,語(yǔ)言的經(jīng)濟(jì)性實(shí)現(xiàn)方式為情感缺省推理、語(yǔ)境缺省推理以及認(rèn)知缺省推理。與此同時(shí),語(yǔ)言的經(jīng)濟(jì)性實(shí)現(xiàn)方式也就是語(yǔ)用模糊產(chǎn)生點(diǎn)。詞匯替代折射創(chuàng)作背景下的社會(huì)文化規(guī)約;省略為故事埋下伏筆,推動(dòng)情節(jié)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展;語(yǔ)用預(yù)設(shè)弱化交際目的,而詞匯暗示則強(qiáng)化交際目的。另外,認(rèn)知缺省推理起到了刻畫(huà)人物內(nèi)心世界和塑造人物性格的作用;情感缺省推理反映了人物人際關(guān)系;語(yǔ)境缺省推理則和協(xié)商交際目的緊密相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Pragmatic vagueness is a common pragmatic phenomenon. As a communication strategy, it is not only often used in people's daily communication, but also often used in the creation of literary works, especially in the drama of dialogue. The arbitrariness of language, the fuzziness of human thinking and the uncertainty of context are the objective reasons for pragmatic vagueness, and the principle of language economy, which is generally followed by human beings in the process of using language, is the subjective cause of its emergence. Pragmatic vagueness is analyzed from objective reasons, but pragmatic vagueness is rarely studied from the principle of language economy. This study is based on the principle of language economy and takes Eugene O'Neill 's autobiographical drama, as the corpus, in order to study the pragmatic vagueness of his dialogue. First of all, the pragmatic vagueness phenomenon in corpus is collected and classified from the principle of linguistic economy, which are double intention pragmatic vagueness, pun semantic pragmatic vagueness, potential intention and implied intention pragmatic vagueness, perfunctory intention pragmatic vagueness, as well as indifference dialogue effect pragmatic vagueness and text pragmatic vagueness under the principle of linguistic economy of the hearer. The listener unilaterally deduces the pragmatic vagueness of intention and the reader deduces pragmatic vagueness. Secondly, the economic realization of pragmatic vagueness of different types of discourse is studied from the perspective of the linguistic economy principle of the speaker and the hearer, respectively. Finally, this study focuses on the main functions of different types of pragmatic vagueness or different language economy from the perspective of speaker and hearer language economy principle. It is found that under the principle of speaker language economy, the main ways to realize language economy in different types of pragmatic vagueness are omission, lexical substitution, pragmatic presupposition and lexical implication, while under the principle of hearer language economy, the economic realization of language is emotional default reasoning, contextual default reasoning and cognitive default reasoning. At the same time, the economic realization of language is the generation of pragmatic vagueness. Lexical substitution refracts the sociocultural statute under the background of creation; omit lays the groundwork for the story and promotes the further development of the plot; pragmatic presupposition weakens the communicative purpose, while lexical implication strengthens the communicative purpose. In addition, cognitive default reasoning plays a role in depicting the inner world of characters and shaping characters; emotional default reasoning reflects the interpersonal relationship of characters; contextual default reasoning is closely related to the purpose of negotiation and communication.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H313

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