【摘要】：概念隱喻理論指的是我們的日常生活中遍布著的隱喻,不僅在語言方面,也在思維和行為上有所體現(xiàn)(萊考夫和約翰森,1980),這一理論在思維和語言之間架起了一座橋梁。概念隱喻理論包括結(jié)構(gòu)隱喻、方向隱喻和實(shí)體隱喻。在時(shí)間隱喻中,時(shí)間是目的域,另一個(gè)概念就是源域,30多年來,時(shí)間隱喻的研究主要集中在時(shí)間的表征形式和時(shí)間隱喻的中英對(duì)比上,時(shí)間所指框架視角的英漢時(shí)間隱喻的研究是極少的。本論文從時(shí)間所指框架的角度分析中英時(shí)間隱喻的相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn),覆蓋了本論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容。時(shí)間所指框架包括指示所指框架、序列所指框架和絕對(duì)所指框架,表述著對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間關(guān)系,過去和將來,更早和更晚,以及矩陣時(shí)間關(guān)系。以每個(gè)框架所體現(xiàn)的本質(zhì)時(shí)間關(guān)系為基礎(chǔ),隨機(jī)選出英國(guó)國(guó)家語料庫(kù)和北京大學(xué)中國(guó)語言學(xué)研究中心語料庫(kù)中同義的1000個(gè)語料,進(jìn)行研究。通過對(duì)語料時(shí)間關(guān)系的主觀判斷和統(tǒng)計(jì),總結(jié)出英漢時(shí)間隱喻的相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)。本論文研究的相同點(diǎn)有:指示所指框架中,人們都可以面向未來,背對(duì)過去;指示所指框架和序列所制框架中,一些可以映射到空間的英語詞語可以對(duì)等到漢語的表達(dá)中,而且表達(dá)的時(shí)間關(guān)系也相同;序列所指框架垂直維度中的high/高和deep/深在此次收集的語料中表達(dá)時(shí)間關(guān)系的頻率一樣,即零,也就是說,此時(shí)幾個(gè)詞語在中英文隱喻中沒有表達(dá)時(shí)間關(guān)系;在絕對(duì)所指框架中,所謂的時(shí)間就是鐘表、日歷和官方規(guī)定的時(shí)間,換句話說,時(shí)間是由客觀存在描述的。然而,不同點(diǎn)要多于相同點(diǎn)且只存在于指示所指框架和序列所指框架中:指示所指框架中,一些中國(guó)人也可以面向過去背對(duì)未來;序列所指框架中,從水平、前后、上下三個(gè)維度分別分析了中英時(shí)間隱喻的不同點(diǎn)。通過對(duì)比分析,有了新的發(fā)現(xiàn),即序列所指框架中的更早和更晚的時(shí)間關(guān)系有時(shí)可以覆蓋指示所指框架中的過去和未來的時(shí)間關(guān)系。本研究中在判斷語料是否表達(dá)時(shí)間關(guān)系上具有一定的主觀性,希望未來有軟件可以在這方面做出更精確的數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Conceptual metaphor theory refers to the metaphor in our daily life which is embodied not only in language but also in thought and behavior (Lakoff and Johansson 1980). This theory has built a bridge between thought and language. Conceptual metaphor theory includes structural metaphor, directional metaphor and substantive metaphor. In time metaphor, time is the target domain, and another concept is the source domain. For more than 30 years, the study of time metaphor has mainly focused on the representation of time and the contrast between English and Chinese. The study of English and Chinese temporal metaphors from the perspective of temporal reference frame is rare. This thesis analyzes the similarities and differences between Chinese and English temporal metaphors from the perspective of temporal reference frame, covering the research content of this thesis. The time frame includes the indicative frame, the sequence frame and the absolute frame, representing the corresponding time relationship, past and future, earlier and later, and matrix time relation. Based on the essential temporal relationship embodied in each frame, 1000 synonyms from the National Corpus of England and the corpus of the Center for Chinese Linguistics Research of Peking University were randomly selected for study. The similarities and differences between English and Chinese temporal metaphors are summed up by subjective judgment and statistics of the temporal relationship between Chinese and English corpus. The similarities of this thesis are as follows: in the frame of indication, people can face the future and turn their backs to the past; Some English words which can be mapped to space can be expressed in Chinese, and the time relation of expression is the same. The high/ height in the vertical dimension of the frame referred to in the sequence is the same as the deep/ depth in the collected corpus, that is, zero, that is, these words do not express the temporal relationship in Chinese and English metaphors; In the absolute frame, the so-called time is the clock, calendar and official time, in other words, time is described by objective existence. However, the difference is more than the same and only exists in the frame indicated by the indicator and the frame indicated by the sequence: in the frame indicated by the indicator, some Chinese can also face the past and back to the future; In the frame of sequence reference, the difference of time metaphor between Chinese and English is analyzed from three dimensions: level, front and back. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the earlier and later time relationships in the frame indicated by the sequence can sometimes cover the past and future time relations in the frame indicated by the sequence. In this study, it is subjective to judge whether or not the corpus expresses the temporal relationship. It is hoped that some software can make more accurate data in this respect in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H15;H315

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