發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-08 18:33

【摘要】： 本論文利用功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)、語(yǔ)言類(lèi)型學(xué)、比較語(yǔ)言學(xué)的相關(guān)理論對(duì)中日兩種語(yǔ)言在話(huà)題這一語(yǔ)法范疇進(jìn)行了比較研究,從兩種語(yǔ)言的話(huà)題化手段、各種句子成分成為話(huà)題的特點(diǎn)、一些典型話(huà)題句式的中日對(duì)比、互譯等方面進(jìn)行了考察,試圖探詢(xún)其中的異同和成因以及語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)的相關(guān)性。漢語(yǔ)是一種語(yǔ)用優(yōu)先的非形態(tài)語(yǔ)言,在語(yǔ)序、物化標(biāo)記、語(yǔ)音三種常用的話(huà)題化手段中,指出語(yǔ)序、物化標(biāo)記、語(yǔ)音三種話(huà)題化手段在中日兩種語(yǔ)言中所占的比重各有不同,漢語(yǔ)主要使用語(yǔ)序手段,輔助以物化標(biāo)記、語(yǔ)音等顯性手段,是一種話(huà)題暗示型語(yǔ)言。日語(yǔ)是一種形態(tài)變化豐富的語(yǔ)言,動(dòng)詞變化達(dá)十余種,還有種類(lèi)多樣的黏著性助動(dòng)詞和助詞,很多成分的語(yǔ)義格根據(jù)這些助詞就一目了然,而且也由于它的SOV語(yǔ)序,日語(yǔ)容易發(fā)展出話(huà)題的物化標(biāo)記,即日語(yǔ)是話(huà)題明示性語(yǔ)言。日語(yǔ)中多使用物化標(biāo)記的話(huà)題化手段,話(huà)題標(biāo)記對(duì)其他格成分標(biāo)記或者取代或者在其后連用,也就是說(shuō)話(huà)題和其他格成分是并存的,一個(gè)話(huà)題化的句法成分常�？梢陨砑娑�,話(huà)題的同時(shí)又是其他語(yǔ)義格。漢語(yǔ)中的很多話(huà)題和原句子結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞不再發(fā)生直接的語(yǔ)法關(guān)系,而日語(yǔ)中即使話(huà)題化后仍然有許多語(yǔ)法標(biāo)記標(biāo)示它在句中的格身份。日語(yǔ)中物化標(biāo)記的明示性使話(huà)題有時(shí)不必位于句首,但不位于句首不可避免的消弱了它的話(huà)題性,因而會(huì)含有對(duì)比、焦點(diǎn)等其他語(yǔ)用含義。而且,各種話(huà)題化手段的話(huà)題性在中日兩種語(yǔ)言中都有強(qiáng)弱之分,當(dāng)是施事話(huà)題時(shí),話(huà)題和主語(yǔ)重合,話(huà)題的語(yǔ)法特征抑制了主語(yǔ)特征的外化,也不可避免的具有了一定的主語(yǔ)性。中日兩種語(yǔ)言都有多種話(huà)題化手段連用而使話(huà)題性增強(qiáng)的傾向。在做中日話(huà)題句互譯時(shí)既要注意中日話(huà)題的共同點(diǎn),也要考慮到話(huà)題句的特殊性,要注意結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境和非語(yǔ)言因素,進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)卣{(diào)整,既要準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)原文的各種語(yǔ)義,也要使譯文更符合目的語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。話(huà)題是語(yǔ)用層面的概念,它可以使句子的格成分等發(fā)生一定的語(yǔ)法操作而帶上話(huà)題特征。
[Abstract]:Based on the theories of functional linguistics, linguistic typology and comparative linguistics, this thesis makes a comparative study of the grammatical category of topic between Chinese and Japanese languages. In order to find out the similarities and differences, the causes and the correlation of grammatical features, some typical topic sentences are compared and translated between China and Japan. Chinese is a pragmatic priority non-morphological language. In the three commonly used topicalization means, word order, materialized marker and phonetic means, the proportion of word order, materialized marker and phonetic means in Chinese and Japanese is different. Chinese mainly uses word order means, assisted by physical and chemical markers, phonetic and other dominant means, is a topic implied language. Japanese is a language with a variety of morphologies, more than a dozen verbs, and a variety of adhesive auxiliary verbs and auxiliary words. The semantic case of many components can be easily understood from these auxiliary words, and also because of its SOV word order. Japanese is easy to develop the materialized mark of topic, that is, Japanese is the explicit language of topic. In Japanese, a topicalization method that often uses materialized markers. Topic markers mark or replace or combine with other case elements. That is to say, topics coexist with other case elements, and a topic-oriented syntactic component can often be used in both positions. The topic is at the same time other semantic lattice. Many topics in Chinese and verbs in the original sentence structure no longer have a direct grammatical relationship, while in Japanese there are still many grammatical markers indicating their case status in the sentence even after the topic has been discussed. The ostensibility of materialized markers in Japanese makes it unnecessary for the topic to be at the beginning of the sentence, but not at the beginning of the sentence, which inevitably weakens its topicality and thus contains other pragmatic meanings, such as contrast, focus and so on. Moreover, the topicality of various means of topicalization is strong and weak in both Chinese and Japanese languages. When the topic is a subject, the topic and subject overlap, and the grammatical features of the topic inhibit the externalization of the subject feature. It is inevitable to have a certain subject. Both Chinese and Japanese have a tendency to use a variety of topicalization methods to enhance the topic. In translating Chinese and Japanese topic sentences, we should not only pay attention to the common points of Chinese and Japanese topics, but also take into account the particularity of topic sentences. We should pay attention to combining specific context and non-linguistic factors to make appropriate adjustments so as to convey all kinds of semantics of the original text accurately. We should also make the translation more in line with the target language. Topic is a concept of pragmatic level, which can make the case elements of sentence take place certain grammatical operation and bring the topic characteristic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H36

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