云南松毛蟲和思茅松毛蟲種群動態(tài)及監(jiān)測預(yù)報技術(shù)
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-30 07:23
【摘要】：云南松毛蟲(Dendrolimus houi Lajonquière)和思茅松毛蟲(D.kikuchii Matsumura)是重要的林木害蟲,且云南松毛蟲和思茅松毛蟲作為同屬近緣種,在很多地區(qū)常常混合發(fā)生,本文通過研究兩種松毛蟲的室內(nèi)羽化規(guī)律、成蟲的產(chǎn)卵選擇、幼蟲的生態(tài)位分析和幼蟲的取食趨性分析4個方面對云南松毛蟲和思茅松毛蟲在生物生態(tài)學(xué)方面的差異性進行探討,研究兩種松毛蟲對寄主資源利用的分化和重疊程度及其對寄主的選擇是否有各自適應(yīng)性特征,找出兩種松毛蟲在生物生態(tài)學(xué)特性上的不同,有助于了解兩種松毛蟲在混合發(fā)生地內(nèi)各自種群的動態(tài)變化機制。結(jié)果如下:1兩種松毛蟲發(fā)生規(guī)律與監(jiān)測模型利用性信息素對云南松毛蟲和思茅松毛蟲當(dāng)年第1代成蟲進行誘捕,結(jié)果表明:兩種松毛蟲成蟲的發(fā)生時期十分相似,成蟲在6月上旬開始出現(xiàn),延續(xù)到7月中下旬結(jié)束。在6月下旬或7月初出現(xiàn)羽化高峰。野外采集當(dāng)年第2代云南松毛蟲和思茅松毛蟲蟲繭置于室內(nèi)(溫度22~28°C,光周期L15:D9)進行羽化觀察,結(jié)果表明:思茅松毛蟲初始羽化時期比云南松毛蟲早5d。云南松毛蟲的羽化節(jié)律呈“單峰型”,羽化高峰期集中在10月中上旬,思茅松毛蟲的羽化節(jié)律呈“雙峰型”,存在兩個羽化高峰期,分別是10月的上旬和中旬。利用兩種松毛蟲的第一代成蟲誘捕數(shù)據(jù),同時分別統(tǒng)計誘捕試驗地內(nèi)下一代兩種松毛蟲幼蟲的蟲口密度,通過曲線估計分別得出了云南松毛蟲成蟲與下一代幼蟲蟲口密度擬合預(yù)測模型和思茅松毛蟲成蟲與下一代幼蟲蟲口密度擬合預(yù)測模型。2生態(tài)位分析通過生態(tài)位理論在空間資源和時間資源利用上對取食階段的云南松毛蟲和思茅松毛蟲幼蟲進行分析,定量的描述了云南松毛蟲和思茅松毛蟲幼蟲種群之間的聯(lián)系和競爭共存機制。結(jié)果表明:云南松毛蟲和思茅松毛蟲的幼蟲在老熟階段的空間生態(tài)位寬度為0.6423和0.5299,顯示云南松毛蟲在空間資源利用方面有更廣的分布。隨著蟲齡的增長兩種松毛蟲的競爭系數(shù)不斷增加,表明隨著化蛹期的臨近,兩種松毛蟲在營養(yǎng)資源的搶奪上更加激烈。從兩種松毛蟲的時間生態(tài)位來看,云南松毛蟲生態(tài)位寬度為0.9143,略高于思茅松毛蟲生態(tài)位寬度(0.8912),從生態(tài)位重疊值來看,思茅松毛蟲(0.7738)比云南松毛蟲(0.7431)要高,說明思茅松毛蟲的大部分危害期內(nèi)都同時有云南松毛蟲在造成危害。綜合來看,云南松毛蟲還是思茅松毛蟲幼蟲都可在一定時期內(nèi)的保持相對穩(wěn)定的種群數(shù)量,不存在危害期內(nèi)的暴發(fā)期或者高峰期,這樣可以導(dǎo)致兩種松毛蟲在危害期內(nèi)可以持續(xù)的、大量的造成危害。另一方面也說明在試驗區(qū)內(nèi)可以威脅到云南松毛蟲和思茅松毛蟲種群發(fā)展的因素較少。3兩種松毛蟲寄主選擇性研究以平均落卵量、落卵所占百分比和不同松針上幼蟲數(shù)量為評價指標(biāo),研究云南松毛蟲和思茅松毛蟲對寄主思茅松Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis,華山松P.armandii,油松P.tabulaeformis,白皮松P.bungeana的成蟲產(chǎn)卵選擇和幼蟲取食選擇趨性。結(jié)果表明:云南松毛蟲在思茅松,華山松,油松,白皮松上的成蟲平均落卵百分比分別為46.98%,26.10%,22.73%,4.19%;思茅松毛蟲在思茅松,華山松,白皮松,油松上的成蟲平均落卵百分比分別為48.22%,23.55%,15.80%,12.44%。在36 h觀測時間內(nèi),云南松毛蟲和思茅松毛蟲幼蟲對4種松樹的取食選擇趨性不一致,且與成蟲產(chǎn)卵選擇趨性不一致。
[Abstract]:Dendrolimus houi Lajonquiqui and D. kikuchi Matsumura, an important forest pest, are often mixed in many regions, and the indoor feathering of two kinds of pine caterpillars is studied by studying the indoor feathering of two kinds of pine caterpillars. The difference of the biological ecology of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the Dendrolimus punctatus was discussed in 4 aspects, including the oviposition selection of the adult, the ecological position analysis of the larvae and the analysis of the feeding of the larvae. The differentiation and the degree of overlap of the two kinds of pine caterpillars on the utilization of the host resources and their adaptability to the host selection were studied. The results were as follows: (1) The occurrence of two kinds of pine caterpillars and the use of the monitoring model were used to trap the first generation of the first generation of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the Caterpillars in the year. The results showed that the time period of the two kinds of Trichinella spiralis was very similar, and the adult began to appear in the first ten days of June. Continuing to the end of mid-July. The emergence of a peak in late June or early July. The results showed that the initial feathering period of the caterpillars was 5 days earlier than that of the Yunnan pine caterpillar. The feathering rhythm of the pine caterpillar in Yunnan is the "unimodal", the peak of the emergence is concentrated in the first ten days of October, the feathering rhythm of the caterpillars is "bimodal", and there are two feathering heights, which are in the first and the middle of October respectively. trapping the data with the first generation adults of the two pine caterpillars, and respectively counting the density of the worm mouth of the next generation of the pine caterpillar larvae in the trapping test area, The prediction model of the density fit of the adult and the next generation of the larvae of the Trichinella spiralis and the density of the adult worm of the next generation of the larvae of the Trichinella spiralis are obtained through the curve estimation. The ecological niche analysis is based on the ecological niche theory in the utilization of space resources and time resources on the feeding stage. The relationship between the larvae of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the larvae of Simao and the mechanism of competition and co-existence were quantitatively described. The results showed that the spatial niche breadth of the larvae of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the Dendrolimus punctatus in the old stage was 0.6423 and 0.5299, showing a wider distribution of the Yunnan pine caterpillar in the utilization of space resources. With the increasing of the age of the worm, the competition coefficient of the two kinds of pine caterpillars is increasing, indicating that with the approaching of the development period, the two kinds of pine caterpillars are more intense in the snatch of the nutrient resource. The niche breadth of the Dendrolimus punctatus is 0.9143, which is slightly higher than the niche breadth (0.8912) of the Dendrolimus punctatus from the time-niche of the two kinds of Dendrolimus punctatus, and from the niche overlap value, the Simao pine caterpillar (0.7738) is higher than that of the Yunnan pine caterpillar (0.731). It is suggested that the Dendrolimus punctatus is in danger during most of the damage period. In the light of the comprehensive view, the larvae of the Dendrolimus punctatus or the larvae of the Simagiella spiralis can maintain a relatively stable population in a certain period, do not have an outbreak period or a peak period during the hazard period, which can lead to the sustained and significant harm of the two pine caterpillars during the hazard period. On the other hand, it is also indicated that there are few factors that can threaten the development of the pine caterpillar and the pine caterpillar in the test area, and the host-selective study of the two kinds of pine caterpillars is based on the average egg drop, the percentage of the eggs and the number of the larvae on the different pine needles as the evaluation index. The oviposition and the selection of the larvae of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, P. armandi, P. tabulaeformis, P. bungeana, Pinus tabulaeformis, P. tabulaeformis, and Pinus bungeana were studied. The results showed that the average egg-drop percentage of the adult worm in Pinus keisei, Pinus armandii, Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus tabulaeformis was 46.98%, 26.10%, 22.73% and 4.19%, respectively, and the average egg-dropping percentage of the Trichinella spiralis was 48.22%, the average percentage of the eggs on the Pinus tabulaeformis, the Chinese pine, the Pinus tabulaeformis and the Pinus tabulaeformis was 48.22%, respectively. 23.55%, 15.80%, 12.44%. In the 36-hour observation time, the feeding and selection of the four kinds of pine trees were not consistent with the larvae of the pine caterpillars of Yunnan and the larvae of the Simao-caterpillars, and they were not consistent with the egg-laying choice of the adults.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S763.421
本文編號：2488634
[Abstract]:Dendrolimus houi Lajonquiqui and D. kikuchi Matsumura, an important forest pest, are often mixed in many regions, and the indoor feathering of two kinds of pine caterpillars is studied by studying the indoor feathering of two kinds of pine caterpillars. The difference of the biological ecology of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the Dendrolimus punctatus was discussed in 4 aspects, including the oviposition selection of the adult, the ecological position analysis of the larvae and the analysis of the feeding of the larvae. The differentiation and the degree of overlap of the two kinds of pine caterpillars on the utilization of the host resources and their adaptability to the host selection were studied. The results were as follows: (1) The occurrence of two kinds of pine caterpillars and the use of the monitoring model were used to trap the first generation of the first generation of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the Caterpillars in the year. The results showed that the time period of the two kinds of Trichinella spiralis was very similar, and the adult began to appear in the first ten days of June. Continuing to the end of mid-July. The emergence of a peak in late June or early July. The results showed that the initial feathering period of the caterpillars was 5 days earlier than that of the Yunnan pine caterpillar. The feathering rhythm of the pine caterpillar in Yunnan is the "unimodal", the peak of the emergence is concentrated in the first ten days of October, the feathering rhythm of the caterpillars is "bimodal", and there are two feathering heights, which are in the first and the middle of October respectively. trapping the data with the first generation adults of the two pine caterpillars, and respectively counting the density of the worm mouth of the next generation of the pine caterpillar larvae in the trapping test area, The prediction model of the density fit of the adult and the next generation of the larvae of the Trichinella spiralis and the density of the adult worm of the next generation of the larvae of the Trichinella spiralis are obtained through the curve estimation. The ecological niche analysis is based on the ecological niche theory in the utilization of space resources and time resources on the feeding stage. The relationship between the larvae of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the larvae of Simao and the mechanism of competition and co-existence were quantitatively described. The results showed that the spatial niche breadth of the larvae of the Dendrolimus punctatus and the Dendrolimus punctatus in the old stage was 0.6423 and 0.5299, showing a wider distribution of the Yunnan pine caterpillar in the utilization of space resources. With the increasing of the age of the worm, the competition coefficient of the two kinds of pine caterpillars is increasing, indicating that with the approaching of the development period, the two kinds of pine caterpillars are more intense in the snatch of the nutrient resource. The niche breadth of the Dendrolimus punctatus is 0.9143, which is slightly higher than the niche breadth (0.8912) of the Dendrolimus punctatus from the time-niche of the two kinds of Dendrolimus punctatus, and from the niche overlap value, the Simao pine caterpillar (0.7738) is higher than that of the Yunnan pine caterpillar (0.731). It is suggested that the Dendrolimus punctatus is in danger during most of the damage period. In the light of the comprehensive view, the larvae of the Dendrolimus punctatus or the larvae of the Simagiella spiralis can maintain a relatively stable population in a certain period, do not have an outbreak period or a peak period during the hazard period, which can lead to the sustained and significant harm of the two pine caterpillars during the hazard period. On the other hand, it is also indicated that there are few factors that can threaten the development of the pine caterpillar and the pine caterpillar in the test area, and the host-selective study of the two kinds of pine caterpillars is based on the average egg drop, the percentage of the eggs and the number of the larvae on the different pine needles as the evaluation index. The oviposition and the selection of the larvae of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, P. armandi, P. tabulaeformis, P. bungeana, Pinus tabulaeformis, P. tabulaeformis, and Pinus bungeana were studied. The results showed that the average egg-drop percentage of the adult worm in Pinus keisei, Pinus armandii, Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus tabulaeformis was 46.98%, 26.10%, 22.73% and 4.19%, respectively, and the average egg-dropping percentage of the Trichinella spiralis was 48.22%, the average percentage of the eggs on the Pinus tabulaeformis, the Chinese pine, the Pinus tabulaeformis and the Pinus tabulaeformis was 48.22%, respectively. 23.55%, 15.80%, 12.44%. In the 36-hour observation time, the feeding and selection of the four kinds of pine trees were not consistent with the larvae of the pine caterpillars of Yunnan and the larvae of the Simao-caterpillars, and they were not consistent with the egg-laying choice of the adults.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S763.421
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