甲酸乙酯對(duì)微小害蟲的作用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-17 18:52
【摘要】：本課題研究了不同熏蒸溫度及時(shí)間下,甲酸乙酯對(duì)三種常見扁谷盜(銹赤扁谷盜、長(zhǎng)角扁谷盜與土耳其扁谷盜)和兩種典型書虱(嗜卷書虱與嗜蟲書虱)的熏蒸致死效果,比較了甲酸乙酯對(duì)不同試蟲的熏蒸毒力。在模擬倉(cāng)中,以空倉(cāng)和小麥實(shí)倉(cāng)兩種方式對(duì)甲酸乙酯的熏蒸效果進(jìn)行研究,并研究了甲酸乙酯在糧堆中的濃度變化及熏蒸后在糧食中的殘留。研究結(jié)果如下:對(duì)于三種扁谷盜,甲酸乙酯表現(xiàn)出較好的熏蒸致死效果。在25oC熏蒸,熏蒸時(shí)間為24h時(shí),在高熏蒸劑量33μL/L下,三種扁谷盜的校正死亡率分別為74.7%、60.4%和65.2%;熏蒸時(shí)間為48h,熏蒸劑濃度為30μL/L時(shí),三種扁谷盜死亡率分別為78.3%、56.4%和70.5%。在熏蒸溫度25oC下,24h熏蒸時(shí),甲酸乙酯對(duì)三種扁谷盜LC50數(shù)據(jù)分別為28.44、30.68和29.70μL/L;而48h熏蒸時(shí),毒力LC50數(shù)據(jù)分別為25.06、28.30和25.65μL/L。在熏蒸時(shí)長(zhǎng)24h下,20oC熏蒸時(shí),甲酸乙酯對(duì)扁谷盜毒力LC50數(shù)據(jù)分別為26.13、27.27和26.50μL/L;25oC時(shí),毒力LC50數(shù)據(jù)分別為28.44、30.68和29.70μL/L;30oC時(shí),毒力LC50數(shù)據(jù)分別為33.53、36.60和35.72μL/L。甲酸乙酯對(duì)嗜卷書虱和嗜蟲書虱均有較好的致死效果。當(dāng)熏蒸時(shí)間為24h,在高熏蒸劑量33μL/L下,兩種書虱校正死亡率分別為76.7%和86.1%;當(dāng)熏蒸時(shí)間為48h,熏蒸劑濃度為30μL/L時(shí),兩種書虱校正死亡率分別為89.3%和97.5%。隨著熏蒸溫度的升高,兩種書虱的死亡率均呈現(xiàn)出下降趨勢(shì)。對(duì)于這兩種書虱,48h處理時(shí)的LC50值均低于24h。熏蒸24h時(shí),對(duì)于嗜卷書虱,20oC、25oC和30oC的甲酸乙酯毒力LC50值分別為21.91、26.90和30.03μL/L;在這三溫度下甲酸乙酯對(duì)嗜蟲書虱的毒力LC50值分別為21.71、25.72和27.72μL/L。在模擬筒倉(cāng)中設(shè)定濃度為70g/m3進(jìn)行甲酸乙酯的空倉(cāng)熏蒸效果實(shí)驗(yàn)。空倉(cāng)熏蒸實(shí)驗(yàn)中,甲酸乙酯對(duì)倉(cāng)內(nèi)上、中、下層的5種試蟲致死率達(dá)100%,熏蒸后各層甲酸乙酯在4~6h達(dá)到穩(wěn)定。在各層濃度穩(wěn)定后,倉(cāng)內(nèi)不同位置甲酸乙酯濃度順序?yàn)?下層中層上層。在模擬筒倉(cāng)中裝不同糧高的小麥,甲酸乙酯濃度設(shè)定為70g/m3進(jìn)行的熏蒸效果實(shí)驗(yàn)。對(duì)于低裝糧高度(0.5m),甲酸乙酯熏蒸對(duì)5種試蟲在倉(cāng)中、上層的作用效果明顯,致死率達(dá)100%。裝糧高度增加后,倉(cāng)內(nèi)上層的致死率仍保持在100%,但下層存活比例逐漸增加。在糧堆中,甲酸乙酯濃度由高到低逐漸下降。熏蒸過程中,上層糧堆甲酸乙酯濃度在熏蒸初期下降較為迅速,但隨后下降幅度逐漸減小。下層甲酸乙酯濃度非常低,且基本保持穩(wěn)定。熏蒸后,,糧堆中甲酸乙酯殘留量由高到低基本呈現(xiàn)出下降趨勢(shì),且同一水平高度上中心和倉(cāng)壁的殘留量差別較小。
[Abstract]:Under different fumigation temperature and time, the fumigation lethal effects of ethyl formate on three kinds of common flat grain thieves (Ruccinia rugosa, Scylla longifera and Thunb Turkish) and two typical book lice (book lice and insecticidal book lice) were studied in this paper. The fumigation toxicity of ethyl formate to different test insects was compared. The fumigation effect of ethyl formate was studied in the simulated warehouse by two ways: empty warehouse and wheat silo. The concentration change of ethyl formate in grain heap and the residue of ethyl formate in grain after fumigation were studied. The results are as follows: ethyl formate showed good fumigation lethal effect for the three kinds of Acanthopsis. Under the condition of 25oC fumigation and fumigation for 24 hours, the corrected mortality rates of the three kinds of Flatodon were 60.4% and 65.2% at high fumigation dose (33 渭 L / L), respectively. When the fumigation time was 48 hours and the concentration of fumigation was 30 渭 L / L, the mortality of the three species was 78.3% and 70.5%, respectively. Under the fumigation temperature 25oC, the LC50 data of ethyl formate to the three species were 28.4440.68 渭 L / L and 29.70 渭 L / L, respectively, and the virulence LC50 data were 25.06 渭 L / L and 25.65 渭 L / L after 48 h fumigation, respectively. After 24 hours of fumigation and 20oC fumigation, the virulence LC50 data of ethyl formate were 28.44 渭 L / L and 29.70 渭 L / L, respectively, when the LC50 data were 26.13 ~ 27.27 and 26.50 渭 L / L ~ 25oC, respectively. The virulence LC50 data of 30oC were 33.53 渭 L / L and 35.72 渭 L / L. Ethyl formate had a good lethal effect on both booklice and planthopper. When the fumigation time was 24 hours, the corrected mortality of the two species was 76.7% and 86.1%, respectively, at a high fumigation dose of 33 渭 L / L; When the fumigation time was 48 h and the fumigation concentration was 30 渭 L / L, the corrected mortality of the two species was 89.3% and 97.5%, respectively. With the increase of fumigation temperature, the mortality of both species showed a decreasing trend. For both species, the LC50 value of 48 h treatment was lower than 24 h. After fumigation for 24 hours, the LC50 values of ethyl formate virulence of 20oC 25oC and 30oC were 21.91 渭 L / L and 30.03 渭 L / L, respectively, and the LC50 values of the toxicity of ethyl formate to the lice were 21.71 渭 L / L and 27.72 渭 L / L, respectively. The fumigation effect of ethyl formate in empty silo was studied by setting the concentration of 70g/m3 in the simulated silo. In the experiment of fumigation in empty storehouse, the fatality rate of 5 kinds of test insects in the upper, middle and lower layers of the storehouse reached 100%, and the level of ethyl formate reached a stable level at 4 h after fumigation. After the concentration of each layer is stabilized, the order of the concentration of ethyl formate in different positions is as follows: the lower layer and the upper layer. The fumigation effect of wheat with different grain height in simulated silo was studied by setting the concentration of ethyl formate as 70g/m3. For the low grain height (0.5 m), the effect of ethyl formate fumigation on the five test insects in the silo was obvious, and the fatality rate was 100%. After the height of grain loading increased, the fatality rate of the upper layer remained at 100, but the survival ratio of the lower layer increased gradually. The concentration of ethyl formate decreased gradually from high to low in the grain heap. During fumigation, the concentration of ethyl formate in the upper grain stack decreased rapidly at the beginning of fumigation, but then decreased gradually. The concentration of ethyl formate in the lower layer was very low and remained stable. After fumigation, the residual amount of ethyl formate decreased from high to low, and the difference between center and silo wall was small at the same level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S379.5
本文編號(hào)：2425481
[Abstract]:Under different fumigation temperature and time, the fumigation lethal effects of ethyl formate on three kinds of common flat grain thieves (Ruccinia rugosa, Scylla longifera and Thunb Turkish) and two typical book lice (book lice and insecticidal book lice) were studied in this paper. The fumigation toxicity of ethyl formate to different test insects was compared. The fumigation effect of ethyl formate was studied in the simulated warehouse by two ways: empty warehouse and wheat silo. The concentration change of ethyl formate in grain heap and the residue of ethyl formate in grain after fumigation were studied. The results are as follows: ethyl formate showed good fumigation lethal effect for the three kinds of Acanthopsis. Under the condition of 25oC fumigation and fumigation for 24 hours, the corrected mortality rates of the three kinds of Flatodon were 60.4% and 65.2% at high fumigation dose (33 渭 L / L), respectively. When the fumigation time was 48 hours and the concentration of fumigation was 30 渭 L / L, the mortality of the three species was 78.3% and 70.5%, respectively. Under the fumigation temperature 25oC, the LC50 data of ethyl formate to the three species were 28.4440.68 渭 L / L and 29.70 渭 L / L, respectively, and the virulence LC50 data were 25.06 渭 L / L and 25.65 渭 L / L after 48 h fumigation, respectively. After 24 hours of fumigation and 20oC fumigation, the virulence LC50 data of ethyl formate were 28.44 渭 L / L and 29.70 渭 L / L, respectively, when the LC50 data were 26.13 ~ 27.27 and 26.50 渭 L / L ~ 25oC, respectively. The virulence LC50 data of 30oC were 33.53 渭 L / L and 35.72 渭 L / L. Ethyl formate had a good lethal effect on both booklice and planthopper. When the fumigation time was 24 hours, the corrected mortality of the two species was 76.7% and 86.1%, respectively, at a high fumigation dose of 33 渭 L / L; When the fumigation time was 48 h and the fumigation concentration was 30 渭 L / L, the corrected mortality of the two species was 89.3% and 97.5%, respectively. With the increase of fumigation temperature, the mortality of both species showed a decreasing trend. For both species, the LC50 value of 48 h treatment was lower than 24 h. After fumigation for 24 hours, the LC50 values of ethyl formate virulence of 20oC 25oC and 30oC were 21.91 渭 L / L and 30.03 渭 L / L, respectively, and the LC50 values of the toxicity of ethyl formate to the lice were 21.71 渭 L / L and 27.72 渭 L / L, respectively. The fumigation effect of ethyl formate in empty silo was studied by setting the concentration of 70g/m3 in the simulated silo. In the experiment of fumigation in empty storehouse, the fatality rate of 5 kinds of test insects in the upper, middle and lower layers of the storehouse reached 100%, and the level of ethyl formate reached a stable level at 4 h after fumigation. After the concentration of each layer is stabilized, the order of the concentration of ethyl formate in different positions is as follows: the lower layer and the upper layer. The fumigation effect of wheat with different grain height in simulated silo was studied by setting the concentration of ethyl formate as 70g/m3. For the low grain height (0.5 m), the effect of ethyl formate fumigation on the five test insects in the silo was obvious, and the fatality rate was 100%. After the height of grain loading increased, the fatality rate of the upper layer remained at 100, but the survival ratio of the lower layer increased gradually. The concentration of ethyl formate decreased gradually from high to low in the grain heap. During fumigation, the concentration of ethyl formate in the upper grain stack decreased rapidly at the beginning of fumigation, but then decreased gradually. The concentration of ethyl formate in the lower layer was very low and remained stable. After fumigation, the residual amount of ethyl formate decreased from high to low, and the difference between center and silo wall was small at the same level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S379.5
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