【摘要】：為提高馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量,保持馬鈴薯種性,突破傳統(tǒng)栽培模式,探索新型栽培方式,本文主要以4份早熟馬鈴薯品種為試驗材料,在設(shè)施大棚內(nèi)進行小區(qū)試驗,研究了馬鈴薯薯芽直栽和育苗栽培兩種栽培方式對馬鈴薯生育期內(nèi)生長指標、生理指標、產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的影響狀況,以期為馬鈴薯栽培生產(chǎn)提供有效依據(jù)和技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。主要結(jié)果如下:1.利用馬鈴薯薯芽直栽試驗中,各處理出苗率較高,均達90%以上。不同長度薯芽進行直栽栽培試驗中,選取馬鈴薯薯頂部位培育出的長度為10cm±1cm、15cm±1cm、20cm±1cm的薯芽進行直栽,出苗率15cm直栽10cm直栽20cm直栽芽塊直播;但在株高、莖粗、光合參數(shù)及產(chǎn)量測定數(shù)值上,20cm直栽15cm直栽10cm直栽芽塊直播,但15cm薯芽與20cm薯芽處理間差異較小;綜合薯芽長度長失水嚴重、成活率低等問題,同時保證產(chǎn)量的前提下15cm±1cm薯芽更有利于馬鈴薯薯芽直栽栽培。2.不同部位馬鈴薯薯芽進行直栽栽培處理中,選擇薯芽長度均為15cm±1cm的薯頂芽、薯中芽、薯尾芽進行,比較分析得出,所有供試品種在馬鈴薯植株苗期及生長期的各項指標測定中表現(xiàn)為薯頂芽直栽處理薯中芽直栽處理薯尾芽直栽處理芽塊直播處理(CK),出苗率和根系活力除外。各處理與對照均呈顯著性差異,產(chǎn)量表現(xiàn)尤為顯著,以薯頂芽直栽處理最優(yōu)。因此在馬鈴薯薯芽直栽研究中,薯頂芽直栽更為有效。3.不同長度薯芽營養(yǎng)缽育苗栽培,選取薯頂芽部位3cm±0.5cm、5cm±0.5cm、7cm±0.5cm長度的薯芽進行試驗,4份供試品種在苗期和植株生長期各測定指標的數(shù)值中均表現(xiàn)為7cm育苗5cm育苗3cm育苗薯塊育苗(CK),但在最終產(chǎn)量表現(xiàn)上7cm育苗栽培處理與5cm育苗栽培處理相比,無顯著差異,綜合馬鈴薯薯芽成活率、數(shù)量、生長時間、后期管理等因素,選擇5cm±0.5cm長度的薯芽進行營養(yǎng)缽育苗更為簡便快捷。4.不同部位薯芽育苗栽培中,利用薯頂、薯中、薯尾培育的5cm±0.5cm長度的薯芽進行栽培,各處理在試驗過程中壯苗指數(shù)、凈光合速率、干物質(zhì)分配率、產(chǎn)量等重要指標中均表現(xiàn)為薯頂芽育苗栽培最優(yōu),其次是薯中芽育苗栽培,再次是薯尾芽育苗栽培,最后為薯塊育苗栽培。因此不同部位薯芽比較分析得出,薯頂芽更適于營養(yǎng)缽育苗栽培。
[Abstract]:In order to improve potato yield, maintain potato seed quality, break through the traditional cultivation mode and explore new cultivation methods, four early maturing potato varieties were used as experimental materials in this paper. The effects of two cultivation methods on potato growth index, physiological index, yield and quality during potato growing period were studied in order to provide effective basis and technical guidance for potato cultivation. The main results are as follows: 1. In the experiment of potato bud cultivation, the emergence rate of each treatment was higher than 90%. In the experiment of direct cultivation of potato buds of different lengths, the tuber buds with the length of 10cm 鹵1 cm ~ (15) cm 鹵1 cm ~ (-1) ~ (-1) cm ~ (-1) ~ (20) cm 鹵1cm were selected for direct cultivation, and the emergence rate of 15cm was directly planted with 10cm, and the 20cm bud was directly seeded. However, in terms of plant height, stem diameter, photosynthetic parameters and yield, direct seeding of 10cm directly cultured with 20cm and 15cm, but there was little difference between 15cm tuber bud and 20cm tuber bud treatment. The length loss of water and the survival rate of potato bud were serious, and 15cm 鹵1cm tuber bud was more favorable for potato bud cultivation under the premise of guaranteed yield. 2. In the direct cultivation of potato bud of different parts, the apical bud, middle bud and tail bud of potato bud with length of 15cm 鹵1cm were selected, and the results were compared and analyzed. All the tested varieties were tested in the seedling stage and growth stage of potato. The results showed that the emergence rate of (CK), and root vigor were not the exception of the direct cultivation of the terminal bud of the potato and the treatment of the direct planting of the bud of the tail bud of the potato in the direct seeding of the bud of the tail bud of the potato. There were significant differences between the treatments and the control, especially in the yield, and the best treatment was the direct cultivation of the terminal bud of the potato. Therefore, in the direct cultivation of potato bud, it is more effective to plant the terminal bud of potato. The tuber buds of 3cm 鹵0.5 cm ~ (5) cm 鹵0.5 cm ~ (-1) cm ~ (7) cm 鹵0.5cm length were selected for seedling cultivation in nutrient bowl with different length of tuber buds. In the seedling stage and plant growth stage, all the four tested varieties showed (CK), for 5cm seedling raising with 7cm and (CK), for 3cm seedling raising, but compared with 5cm seedling cultivation treatment, 7cm seedling cultivation treatment was compared with 5cm seedling cultivation treatment in the final yield performance. There was no significant difference in the survival rate, number, growth time and later management of potato bud. It was easier and faster to select 5cm 鹵0.5cm length tuber bud for seedling raising in nutritious bowl. 4. In the cultivation of different parts of potato bud, the 5cm 鹵0.5cm length of tuber bud cultivated in the top of the potato, the tuber and the tail of the potato were used to culture. The seedling strength index, net photosynthetic rate and dry matter distribution rate of each treatment in the process of experiment were analyzed. The yield and other important indexes were as follows: the cultivation of terminal bud was the best, the second was the cultivation of bud in the middle of the potato, the second was the cultivation of the tail bud of the potato, and the last was the cultivation of the seedling with the tuber block. Therefore, the comparative analysis of different parts of potato bud shows that the terminal bud of potato is more suitable for seedling cultivation in nutritive bowl.
【學位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S532

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