【摘要】：針對寧夏中部干旱帶紅寺堡區(qū)水資源短缺、供需矛盾突出和庭院經(jīng)濟效益較低等問題,對庭院經(jīng)濟作物滴灌節(jié)水灌溉制度及種植模式進行了較為系統(tǒng)的研究,為寧夏中部干旱帶庭院經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、農(nóng)民增收和高效節(jié)水灌溉提供了理論依據(jù)和技術支撐。本文主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、采用正交試驗設計,以灌水定額、純氮量、純磷量為影響因素,對滴灌條件下紅枸杞產(chǎn)量、生長指標、生理指標等分析得出:灌水定額、純氮量、純磷量對紅枸杞干果產(chǎn)量均有顯著的影響,各因素對產(chǎn)量影響的大小順序為灌水定額純磷量純氮量;枸杞干果產(chǎn)量隨著灌水定額、純磷量的增大而逐漸的增大,隨著純氮量的增大呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小的變化趨勢;紅寺堡區(qū)生態(tài)移民村紅枸杞的水肥最優(yōu)組合為灌水定額為13.5 m3.667m-2、純氮量為52 kg.667m-2、純磷量為39 kg.667m-2。2、采用正交試驗設計,以灌水定額、純氮量、純磷量為影響因素,對滴灌條件下黑果枸杞產(chǎn)量、生長指標、生理指標等分析得出:灌水定額、純氮量、純磷量對黑果枸杞干果產(chǎn)量均有顯著的影響,各因素對產(chǎn)量影響的大小順序為灌水定額純氮量純磷量;枸杞干果產(chǎn)量隨著灌水定額、純磷量的增大而逐漸的增大,隨著純氮量的增大呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小的變化趨勢;但純磷量對新稍長度、新稍粗度及干果百粒重的影響不顯著;紅寺堡區(qū)生態(tài)移民村黑果枸杞的水肥最優(yōu)組合為灌水定額為13.5m3.667m-2、純氮量為52kg·667m-2、純磷量為26kg·667m-2。3、采用單因素對比試驗設計,對不同作物膜下滴灌節(jié)水灌溉制度進行了研究。通過對不同作物的生長指標、生理指標、產(chǎn)量及水分利用率等分析得出,在紅寺堡干旱缺水條件下,不同作物較為適宜的灌溉制度為:辣椒、番茄的灌水定額為18 m3.667m-2,灌水次數(shù)為14,播前灌水定額為15 m3·667m-2;紅薯的灌水定額為12 m3·667m-2,灌水次數(shù)為15,播前灌水定額為17 m3·667m-2;馬鈴薯的灌水定額為12 m3.667m-2,灌水次數(shù)為12,播前灌水定額為16 m3.667m-2;玉米的灌水定額為30m3·667m-2,灌水次數(shù)為6,播前灌水定額為33m3.667m-2。4、根據(jù)2016年紅寺堡區(qū)生態(tài)移民村的庭院作物種植情況的調(diào)查研究,針對當?shù)貙嶋H情況,建立了以經(jīng)濟效益和節(jié)水效益為目標的種植結(jié)構(gòu)模型,利用模糊折中規(guī)劃的方法將多目標函數(shù)問題轉(zhuǎn)化成單目標函數(shù)問題,采用模糊偏好方法確定不同目標函數(shù)之間的重要性,運用matlab軟件進行求解,得出了庭院經(jīng)濟作物的最優(yōu)種植結(jié)構(gòu)方案。
[Abstract]:In view of the shortage of water resources, the contradiction between supply and demand and the low economic benefit of courtyard in Hongsibao district of central Ningxia, the drip irrigation and water-saving irrigation system and planting pattern of courtyard cash crops were studied systematically. It provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of courtyard economy, the increase of farmers' income and the efficient water-saving irrigation in the arid zone of central Ningxia. The main results of this paper are as follows: 1. By orthogonal design, with irrigation quota, pure nitrogen and pure phosphorus as the influencing factors, the yield, growth index and physiological index of Lycium barbarum under drip irrigation condition were analyzed and obtained: irrigation quota, pure nitrogen quantity, etc. The effect of pure phosphorus content on dry fruit yield of Lycium barbarum L. was significant, and the order of effect of each factor on yield was irrigation quota, pure phosphorus content, pure nitrogen content, dry fruit yield of Lycium barbarum L. increased gradually with the increase of irrigation quota, the yield of pure phosphorus increased gradually with the increase of irrigation quota, and the amount of pure phosphorus increased gradually with the increase of irrigation quota. The optimum combination of water and fertilizer of Rhizoma Lycium barbarum in ecological migration village of Hongsipu district was as follows: irrigation quota was 13.5 m3.667m-2, pure nitrogen was 52 kg.667m-2, pure phosphorus was 39 kg.667m-2.2, orthogonal design was used to irrigate water quota. The yield, growth index and physiological index of Lycium barbarum L. under drip irrigation were analyzed. The results showed that irrigation quota, pure nitrogen content and pure phosphorus content had significant effects on dry fruit yield of black fruit wolfberry. The order of the effect of each factor on yield was irrigation quota, pure nitrogen and pure phosphorus, and the yield of Lycium barbarum dry fruit increased gradually with the increase of irrigation quota, and then decreased with the increase of pure nitrogen. The optimum combination of water and fertilizer of black fruit Lycium barbarum was 13.5m3.667m-2 for irrigation, 52kg 667m-2 for pure nitrogen and 26kg 667m-2.3 for pure phosphorus. The single factor comparative experiment design was used, and the effect of pure phosphorus on the length, diameter and weight of dried fruit was not significant. The optimum combination of water and fertilizer was 13.5m3.667m-2, and the pure nitrogen was 52kg 667m-2and the pure phosphorus was 26kg 667m-2.3.The optimum combination of water and fertilizer was 13.5m3.667m-2, and the pure phosphorus was 667m-2.3. The water-saving irrigation system of drip irrigation under different crops was studied. Through the analysis of growth index, physiological index, yield and water use efficiency of different crops, it is concluded that under the condition of drought and water shortage in Hongsibao, the more suitable irrigation system for different crops is: pepper. The irrigation quota of tomato is 18m3.667m-2, the irrigation frequency is 14, the irrigation quota is 15m3 667m-2 before sowing, the irrigation quota of sweet potato is 12m3 667m-2, the irrigation frequency is 15, the irrigation quota before sowing is 17 m3 667m-2, the irrigation quota of potato is 12m3.667m-2, the irrigation frequency is 12m 3, and the irrigation frequency is 12m 3 before sowing. The water quota is 16m3.667m-2, the irrigation quota of maize is 30m3 667m-2, the irrigation frequency is 6, and the irrigation quota before sowing is 33m3.667m-2.4. According to the local actual situation, the planting structure model with the goal of economic benefit and water-saving benefit is established, and the multi-objective function problem is transformed into the single-objective function problem by using the fuzzy compromise programming method. The importance of different objective functions was determined by using fuzzy preference method. The optimal planting structure scheme of garden cash crops was obtained by using matlab software.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S274

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相關期刊論文 前10條

1 潘永霞;田軍倉;沈暉;馬波;張會梅;;膜下滴灌水量對谷子光合作用及水分利用效率影響[J];節(jié)水灌溉;2016年05期

2 張昊;郝春雷;孟繁盛;慈艷華;鄭偉;張麗研;邊麗梅;董U，

本文編號：2293933