【摘要】：黃豆(Glycine max L.),富含脂肪、蛋白、維生素、AA(氨基酸),被譽為“綠色牛乳”,是我國重要糧食作物、主要經(jīng)濟作物之一。貴州以喀斯特地貌著稱,山區(qū)旱坡地頗多,土壤有機質含量低,季節(jié)性干旱頻發(fā),黃豆常存在“莢而不實”、“葉茂而莢少”等問題,導致黃豆產(chǎn)量普遍偏低。本試驗對貴州喀斯特地方10個大豆種質采用盆栽試驗,研究其R3期(始莢期)抗旱性,為篩選出適合喀斯特地區(qū)土質種植的高抗旱性種質提供基礎數(shù)據(jù)。主要研究結果如下:1、10個黃豆種質R3時期的Pro、SS、SP含量與水分處理梯度極顯著(P0.01)正相關,R值均大于0.8;隨折著干旱脅迫加重,Pro、SS、SP含量逐漸增多,均在重度干旱脅迫下達到最大值,其中Pro的增幅普遍較大,大多成倍數(shù)增加。2、各黃豆種質R3時期的滲透調(diào)節(jié)三大物質(Pro、SS、SP)的脅迫系數(shù)均大于1,并隨干旱脅迫加重逐漸增大,幾乎在重度干旱脅迫下趨于最大值,其中Pro的脅迫系數(shù)普遍較大,大多都在2以上;三大滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質發(fā)揮的調(diào)節(jié)作用依次為,ProSSSP。3、10個黃豆種質R3時期葉片質膜透性和MDA含量與水分處理梯度呈極顯著正相關,R值均大于0.84;質膜透性和MDA含量隨著干旱脅迫加重而逐漸增大,重度干旱脅迫下達最大值。4、干旱脅迫下,各種質黃豆R3期葉片的質膜傷害率和MDA的脅迫系數(shù)均大于1,并隨干旱脅迫加重逐漸增大,重度干旱脅迫下達到最大值,表明其質膜在重度干旱脅迫下已趨于耐受上限。5、輕度干旱脅迫下10個黃豆種質R3時期SOD、APX、POD、CAT酶活性均上升;中度和重度脅迫下少數(shù)種質的SOD、POD、CAT活性呈上升趨勢,多數(shù)種質的酶活性動態(tài)變化規(guī)律呈先升高后降低;10個黃豆種質的APX活性均是呈先升高后降低。6、輕度中度干旱脅迫時,POD、SOD、CAT、APX等酶的脅迫系數(shù)均大于1;重度干旱脅迫下,少數(shù)種質的抗氧化酶脅迫系數(shù)低于1;10個黃豆種質R3時期POD和CAT抵御重度干旱脅迫發(fā)揮的作用更大,其次是APX。7、10個黃豆種質R3時期的Chal-a、Chal-b和類胡蘿卜素的含量與水分處理梯度呈極顯著(P0.01)負相關,R值均小于-0.87;隨著干旱脅迫加重,三種光合色素的含量動態(tài)變化呈現(xiàn)一致降低趨勢,脅迫系數(shù)也一致地降低,并低于1。8、10個大豆種質的株高、單株結莢數(shù)、百粒重隨脅迫加重而逐漸降低;根長在輕度脅迫時有所增加,重度干旱脅迫時又降低;并且這四個生態(tài)指標與本研究的水分處理梯度呈負相關,其中株高、單株結莢數(shù)、百粒重為極顯著負相關,R值均小于-0.72。9、在干旱脅迫下,10個大豆種質的株高、單株結莢數(shù)、百粒重的脅迫系數(shù)均小于1,并隨干旱脅迫加重逐漸降低;根長脅迫系數(shù)在不同程度干旱脅迫下為先增大后減小,輕中度干旱脅迫下大于1,在重度干旱脅迫下急劇降低到1以下。10、本研究對貴州地方10個黃豆種質進行隸屬函數(shù)綜合抗旱性評定結果為:175≥189≥166172≥174≥177164186≥188≥165。
[Abstract]:Soybean (Glycine max L.), is rich in fat, protein and vitamin AA (amino acid). It is called "green milk" and is one of the important food crops and one of the main cash crops in China. Guizhou is famous for karst landform. There are many dry slopes in mountainous areas, low content of soil organic matter, frequent seasonal drought, and many problems such as "pods are not real" and "leaves are luxuriant but few pods", which lead to the low yield of soybean. Ten soybean germplasms in karst area of Guizhou Province were tested in pot culture to study the drought resistance of soybean germplasm at stage R3 (initial pod stage), and to provide basic data for screening high drought-resistant germplasm suitable for soil planting in karst area. The main results were as follows: the Pro,SS,SP content of 10 soybean germplasms at R3 stage was significantly correlated with the water treatment gradient (P0.01), the positive correlation R value was more than 0.8, and the content of ProSS-SS-SP increased gradually with the increase of drought stress, and reached the maximum value under severe drought stress. Among them, the increase of Pro was generally larger, mostly increased by multiple. The stress coefficient of three major substances (Pro,SS,SP) of soybean germplasm in R3 period was greater than 1, and gradually increased with the increase of drought stress, and almost tended to the maximum under severe drought stress. The stress coefficient of Pro was generally larger, most of which were above 2. The effects of the three major osmotic regulators were ProSSSP.3, and the plasma membrane permeability and MDA content of 10 soybean germplasms were significantly positively correlated with the water treatment gradient at R3 stage, and the plasma membrane permeability and MDA content were significantly higher than 0.84.The membrane permeability and MDA content increased with drought. The pressure increases gradually, Under drought stress, the damage rate of plasma membrane and the stress coefficient of MDA were all greater than 1, and gradually increased with the increase of drought stress, and reached the maximum value under severe drought stress. The results showed that the plasma membrane had tended to the upper limit of tolerance under severe drought stress, and the SOD,APX,POD,CAT activity of 10 soybean germplasms under mild drought stress increased during R3, while the SOD,POD,CAT activity of a few cultivars increased under moderate and severe drought stress. The APX activity of 10 soybean germplasms increased first and then decreased, and the stress coefficients of POD SOD and CATAPX were all greater than 1 under mild drought stress, while the APX activity of 10 soybean germplasms was increased first and then decreased by .6. under severe drought stress, the enzyme activity of most germplasms was increased first and then decreased, while that of 10 soybean germplasms increased first and then decreased. The antioxidant enzyme stress coefficient of a few germplasms was lower than 1, and that of 10 soybean germplasm R3, POD and CAT played a more important role in resisting severe drought stress. Secondly, the contents of Chal-a,Chal-b and carotenoid in APX.7, 10 soybean germplasms at R3 stage were significantly negatively correlated with the water treatment gradient (P0.01) and the R values were lower than -0.87, and the dynamic changes of the three photosynthetic pigments showed a decreasing trend with the increase of drought stress. The stress coefficient also decreased consistently, and the plant height of 10 soybean germplasms was lower than 1.8,10 soybean germplasm, the number of pods per plant, the weight of 100 seeds per plant decreased with the stress, and the root length increased under mild stress and decreased under severe drought stress. The four ecological indexes were negatively correlated with the gradient of water treatment, including plant height, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight and R value less than -0.72.9. Under drought stress, the plant height and pods per plant of 10 soybean germplasms were significantly negative correlation. The stress coefficient of 100-seed weight was less than 1, and decreased gradually with the increase of drought stress, and the root length stress coefficient increased first and then decreased under different degrees of drought stress. The drought resistance of 10 soybean germplasms in Guizhou was evaluated by membership function. The results were as follows: 1.175 鈮，

本文編號：2260668