【摘要】：變量施肥技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展在于能夠顯著提高化學(xué)肥料的利用率,通過按需變量施肥,能夠減輕不科學(xué)施肥帶來的環(huán)境問題,對降低農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本的投入,具有顯著的經(jīng)濟效益。本文設(shè)計一種應(yīng)用于國產(chǎn)大豆精密播種機的電動變量施肥控制系統(tǒng),利用小型直流電動機對單個排肥器進行單獨控制,根據(jù)不同的地塊信息和實際生產(chǎn)需求對每條壟溝變量施用肥料。本研究包括如下幾個方面:(1)電動變量施肥控制系統(tǒng)以微處理器模塊為核心,整個變量施肥控制系統(tǒng)由人機交互模塊、電機驅(qū)動模塊、測速模塊和供電模塊等組成。通過人機交互界面設(shè)定輸入施肥量與反饋施肥量取差,通過控制器調(diào)節(jié)PWM占空比,控制排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速形成閉環(huán)控制。(2)利用臨界比例方法對控制系統(tǒng)PID算法參數(shù)進行整定,分析系統(tǒng)控制算法的性能。電動變量施肥施肥試驗臺制作,通過室內(nèi)靜態(tài)施肥試驗,試驗表明:各行一致性的變異系數(shù)為3.1%,符合國家技術(shù)要求的≤13%,總排肥量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)為2.6%,符合國家技術(shù)要求的≤7.8%,滿足農(nóng)業(yè)機械施肥國家標準。(3)以排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速、槽輪有效工作長度、機具行駛速度為變量,通過單因素試驗,得出排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速、槽輪有效工作長度、機具行駛速度對施肥量的影響顯著。進行三因素二次回歸正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗,通過回歸分析、方差分析,得出排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速對施肥量影響最大,軸開度對施肥量影響次之,行駛速度對施肥量影響最小,變量施肥工作優(yōu)化參數(shù)為排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速30r/min,軸開度為10mm,行駛速度為6.7km/h時,試驗臺施肥誤差量最小。本文運用理論分析、計算機仿真、試驗設(shè)計等方法對電動變量施肥控制系統(tǒng)進行分析,研究結(jié)果表明:該系統(tǒng)可以有效提高施肥精度,可以滿足精準農(nóng)業(yè)變量施肥控制要求。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of variable-rate fertilization technology lies in the fact that it can significantly improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer. By applying variable fertilizer on demand, the environmental problems brought by unscientific fertilization can be alleviated, and the investment in reducing the cost of agricultural production can be reduced with remarkable economic benefits. In this paper, a kind of electric variable rate fertilization control system applied to the domestic soybean precision seeder is designed. The single fertiliser is controlled by small DC motor. According to different plot information and actual production demand, fertilizer was applied to each furrow variable. The research includes the following aspects: (1) the core of the electric variable rate fertilization control system is microprocessor module, the whole variable rate fertilization control system is composed of man-machine interaction module, motor driving module, speed measuring module and power supply module. The difference between input fertilization and feedback fertilization is set by man-machine interaction interface, the duty cycle of PWM is adjusted by controller, and the speed of discharge shaft is controlled to form closed loop control. (2) the parameters of PID algorithm of control system are adjusted by critical proportion method. The performance of system control algorithm is analyzed. The electric variable rate fertilization test bench was made, and the indoor static fertilization test was carried out. The results show that the coefficient of variation of the consistency of each row is 3.1, the variation coefficient of stability of total fertilizer discharge is 2.6, the variation coefficient of stability of total fertilizer discharge is 2.6, the variation coefficient of stability of total fertilizer discharge is 2.6, and the coefficient of variation is 鈮，

本文編號：2256026