【摘要】：水稻直播具有節(jié)省育苗和插秧成本,適合大規(guī)模機(jī)械化作業(yè)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),目前已成為國內(nèi)外研究的熱點(diǎn)。水稻旱直播作業(yè)對排種器的要求非常高,目前還沒有一種成熟的水稻直播排種器供大家選擇,該問題大大的限制了水稻旱直播的多樣化,現(xiàn)有的水稻排種器幾乎都是由小麥、玉米等作物的排種器改裝而來,還不能完全適應(yīng)水稻播種。本文針對遼寧省現(xiàn)有水稻旱直播機(jī)尚無成熟機(jī)型、排種均勻性不穩(wěn)定等問題,對水稻旱直播機(jī)進(jìn)行設(shè)計,研制了一種勺式水稻旱穴直播機(jī),一次完成施肥、旋耕、開溝、排種、鎮(zhèn)壓等功能,通過性能模擬和田間試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證該直播機(jī)的性能滿足設(shè)計要求,同時可為類似機(jī)械的研發(fā)提供參考。(1)設(shè)計了一種勺式水稻直播機(jī)。通過田間試驗(yàn)對現(xiàn)有典型水稻直播機(jī)的排種器、鎮(zhèn)壓輪、開溝器的性能進(jìn)行分析,針對存在的主要問題,確定改進(jìn)設(shè)計方案。運(yùn)用SOLIDWORKS三維軟件對水稻旱直播機(jī)的排種器、開溝器、鎮(zhèn)壓輪等零部件進(jìn)行設(shè)計,并對排種器和鎮(zhèn)壓輪進(jìn)行力學(xué)分析,建立數(shù)學(xué)模型;并利用仿真分析方法對關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行模擬,確定該設(shè)計有利于提高直播機(jī)的排種均勻性和覆土效果,確保達(dá)到設(shè)計要求。(2)對排種器進(jìn)行室內(nèi)性能試驗(yàn)。通過測量數(shù)據(jù)找出排種器的轉(zhuǎn)速與每穴粒子數(shù)、轉(zhuǎn)速與排種均勻性、轉(zhuǎn)速與傷種率的關(guān)系,驗(yàn)證該排種器的排種性能是否滿足要求,若不滿足,則繼續(xù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計,最終研制了一種勺式水稻直播排種器。(3)對研制的直播機(jī)進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了其技術(shù)可行性。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該機(jī)作業(yè)效率為2.1×103～4.1×103m2/h;排種均勻性變異系數(shù)為4.7%、各行排量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)平均值為5.5%、總排量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)平均值為2.3%;穴距在14.4～16.4cm之間、平均穴距變異系數(shù)為12.7%;平均每穴粒子數(shù)為15、平均每穴粒子數(shù)變異系數(shù)為9%,傷種率在2%～3%之間;開溝深度平均值為3cm、開溝深度變異系數(shù)為10%、覆土厚度平均值為2.1cm、覆土厚度變異系數(shù)為10%;鎮(zhèn)壓輪滑移率平均值為5.9%。通過開溝覆土正交試驗(yàn)確定拖拉機(jī)前進(jìn)速度為0.4m/s、開溝深度為40mm、鎮(zhèn)壓輪孔高度為140mm等參數(shù)。通過以上數(shù)據(jù)可以得出,該機(jī)排種性能穩(wěn)定、傷種率低,相比于同類水稻旱直播機(jī),在排種穩(wěn)定性、覆土效果方面有較大的提高,各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均滿足設(shè)計要求。
[Abstract]:Direct seeding of rice has the advantages of saving the cost of seedling raising and transplanting, suitable for large-scale mechanization and so on, and has become a hot research topic at home and abroad. Rice drought direct seeding operation requires very high seed metering apparatus. At present, there is no mature rice seed metering device for everyone to choose from. This problem has greatly restricted the variety of rice dry direct seeding. The existing rice metering apparatus is almost all made of wheat. The metering device of corn and other crops has been modified and can not fully adapt to rice seeding. In order to solve the problem that there is no mature type of rice direct seeding machine in Liaoning Province, and the uniformity of rice seed is unstable, a spoon-type rice dry hole direct seeding machine has been designed and developed, which can be used for fertilization, rotary tillage, ditching, seeding, and so on, in this paper, a spoon-type rice dry-hole direct seeding machine is developed. The performance of the direct seeding machine can meet the design requirements through performance simulation and field experiments. At the same time it can provide a reference for the research and development of similar machinery. (1) A spoon-type rice direct seeding machine is designed. Based on the field experiment, the performance of seed metering device, crushing wheel and trench opener of typical rice direct seeding machine was analyzed, and the improved design scheme was determined in view of the main problems. SOLIDWORKS software is used to design the metering device, trench opener, suppression wheel and other parts of the rice direct seeding machine, and the mechanical analysis of the metering device and the crushing wheel are carried out, and the mathematical model is established, and the key components are simulated by the method of simulation and analysis. It is determined that the design is helpful to improve the seeding uniformity and soil cover effect of the direct seeding machine, and to ensure that the design requirements are met. (2) the indoor performance test of the seeding device is carried out. According to the measured data, the relationship between the rotation speed of the metering device and the number of particles per hole, the rotation speed and the seeding uniformity, the speed of the metering device and the rate of seed injury are found out. It is verified that the metering performance of the metering device meets the requirements, and if not, the optimum design is carried out. Finally, a spoon-type rice seed metering device was developed. (3) the field experiment of the developed direct seeding machine was carried out, and the technical feasibility was verified. The results show that the operating efficiency of the machine is 2.1 脳 10 ~ (3N) 4.1 脳 10 ~ (3) m ~ (2 / h), the coefficient of variation of homogeneity is 4.7, the average coefficient of variation of displacement stability is 5.5 and the average value of variation coefficient of total displacement stability is 2.3. The distance between holes is between 14.4~16.4cm. The average coefficient of variation was 12.7, the average number of seeds per hole was 15, the average coefficient of variation per hole was 9 and the rate of seed injury was between 2% and 3%. The average depth of trench is 3 cm, the coefficient of variation of depth of trench is 10 cm, the average thickness of overlying soil is 2.1 cm, the coefficient of variation of thickness of overlying soil is 10 cm, and the average rate of skidding is 5.9%. The speed of tractor is 0.4m / s, the depth of trench is 40mm and the height of repressing wheel hole is 140mm. Through the above data, it can be concluded that the performance of this machine is stable and the rate of seed injury is low. Compared with the same kind of rice dry direct seeding machine, the stability of seeding and the effect of soil cover are greatly improved, and all the indexes meet the design requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S223.2

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