發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-26 13:19

【摘要】：核盤菌[Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)de Bary]是一種世界分布的死體營養(yǎng)型植物病原真菌,對多種農(nóng)作物和蔬菜造成嚴(yán)重危害,對其防治仍然以化學(xué)藥劑為主。高效、廣譜、低毒殺菌劑氟硅唑可用于防治多種作物上的多種病原菌,但是在我國還未用于防治菌核病。本論文研究了核盤菌對氟硅唑的敏感性、氟硅唑的盆栽防效以及低劑量氟硅唑?qū)吮P菌的刺激作用,為氟硅唑防治菌核病提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。通過測定氟硅唑?qū)?50株核盤菌菌株的抑制中濃度(EC50),建立了核盤菌對氟硅唑的敏感性基線,氟硅唑敏感性分布為單峰型,EC50平均值為0.1237μg/mL±0.0491(SD),分布范圍為0.0227~0.3436μg/mL。盆栽試驗(yàn)表明:氟硅唑在油菜葉片上的保護(hù)作用高于多菌靈的保護(hù)作用。在含0.03、0.06和0.12μg/mL氟硅唑PDA上生長的菌絲細(xì)胞膜通透性降低,透射電鏡觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)菌絲細(xì)胞壁增厚。核盤菌在含有0.005~0.16μg/mL氟硅唑的PDA上生長后,與對照組相比對菌株HN-24致病力最高可增強(qiáng)19.81%。低劑量氟硅唑?qū)吮P菌的致病力有顯著刺激作用,在盆栽油菜上,噴施0.002~2μg/mL的氟硅唑?qū)闔N-24致病力的刺激作用在8.28%~10.72%之間。噴施0.02、0.2μg/mL氟硅唑?qū)吮P菌的致病刺激作用在接種12 h后表現(xiàn)出來,表明這種刺激作用的機(jī)理為直接刺激作用。但是氟硅唑處理沒有改變核盤菌對H2O2的耐受力。在PDA上使用0.005~0.04μg/mL的氟硅唑預(yù)處理可增強(qiáng)核盤菌對氟硅唑及其相同作用機(jī)制殺菌劑的耐受力,而降低對不同作用機(jī)制殺菌劑的耐受力。但是在含有氟硅唑的PDA上處理后,卻降低了菌絲在無藥PDA上的生長速率。
[Abstract]:Sclerotinia sclerotiorum [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] is a kind of dead vegetative plant pathogenic fungi distributed in the world, which causes serious harm to many crops and vegetables. The fungicides with high efficiency, broad spectrum and low toxicity can be used to control many kinds of pathogens in many crops, but they have not been used to control sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in China. In this paper, the sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to flusiazole, the control effect of flusiazole in pot and the stimulation of low dose of flusiazole to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were studied in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of sclerotiorum by flusiazole. By determining the median inhibitory concentration (EC50) of flusiazole on 150 strains of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a baseline was established for the sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to flusiazole. The mean value of the single peak EC50 distribution was 0.1237 渭 g/mL 鹵0.0491 (SD), and the distribution range was 0.02270.3436 渭 g / mL. Pot experiment showed that the protective effect of flusiazole on rape leaves was higher than that of carbendazim. The membrane permeability of mycelium grown on 0.03 渭 g/mL and 0.12 渭 g/mL flursiazole PDA was decreased, and the cell wall of mycelium was thickened by transmission electron microscope. After the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on PDA containing 0. 005 ~ 0. 16 渭 g/mL flursiazole, the pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to HN-24 was increased by 19. 81% compared with the control group. The pathogenicity of low dose flusiazole on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was significantly stimulated. In pot rape, the pathogenicity of strain HN-24 was increased by spraying flusiazole with 0.002 渭 g/mL in the range of 8.28% or 10.72%. The pathogenicity of flusiazole (0.02 渭 g/mL) on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was observed 12 h after inoculation, which indicated that the mechanism of the stimulation was direct stimulation. However, flusiazole treatment did not change the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance to H2O2. The pretreatment of flusiazole with 0.005 ~ 0.04 渭 g/mL on PDA could enhance the resistance of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to flusiazole and the same mechanism of fungicides, but reduce the tolerance to different mechanisms of fungicides. However, the growth rate of mycelium on drug-free PDA was decreased after treatment on PDA containing flusiazole.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S432.44

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