發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-03 18:53

  本文選題：導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn) + 社會(huì)性　； 參考：《大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn)成本高,成功率低,目前導(dǎo)盲犬?dāng)?shù)量還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足視障人士的需求。如果能在導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn)前期進(jìn)行有效的篩選,預(yù)先甄別出待訓(xùn)犬中不適合成為導(dǎo)盲犬的犬,將能夠提高導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn)的成功率,降低培訓(xùn)成本。本研究擬通過氣質(zhì)測(cè)試聯(lián)合心率分析來(lái)考察導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn)對(duì)犬社會(huì)性及膽量的影響,以期探究出能夠作為導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn)前期篩選指標(biāo)的有效變量,為導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn)前期篩選適宜犬提供科學(xué)參考。方法本研究選取中國(guó)導(dǎo)盲犬大連培訓(xùn)基地的45只犬,其中拉布拉多犬42只(雌性18只,雄性24只),金毛獵犬3只(雌性1只,雄性2只),這些犬在進(jìn)行導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn)前為8~12月齡,在導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn)結(jié)束后為24~32月齡。采用犬的心理評(píng)估測(cè)試(dog mentality assessment,DMA)對(duì)這些犬進(jìn)行行為學(xué)測(cè)試,在這些犬進(jìn)行導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn)前后各進(jìn)行一次測(cè)試。DMA測(cè)試含有10個(gè)子測(cè)試,共含有33個(gè)變量。本研究選取能夠反映犬社會(huì)性的社會(huì)接觸測(cè)試中問候、合作、觸摸變量,距離測(cè)試中探索、拔河、游戲邀請(qǐng)變量,扮鬼測(cè)試中接觸變量及能夠反映犬膽量的突然出現(xiàn)測(cè)試中驚嚇、探索、躲避變量,金屬響聲測(cè)試中驚嚇、探索、躲避變量,扮鬼測(cè)試中探索變量共14個(gè)變量。并實(shí)時(shí)記錄測(cè)試過程中犬的心率變化。在測(cè)試結(jié)束后根據(jù)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)犬的行為進(jìn)行評(píng)分,進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)前后行為分?jǐn)?shù)及心率值的對(duì)比。結(jié)果1.導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn)對(duì)犬社會(huì)性影響:(1)社會(huì)接觸測(cè)試中問候、合作、觸摸變量在培訓(xùn)前后得分比較后差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。進(jìn)一步分析測(cè)試中變量的得分分布情況發(fā)現(xiàn),在社會(huì)接觸測(cè)試中的問候,合作,觸摸3個(gè)相關(guān)變量培訓(xùn)前得分3分的犬最多,分別為19只,32只,26只,培訓(xùn)后犬得分集中于3分的趨勢(shì)更加明顯,培訓(xùn)后3個(gè)變量得分3分的犬分別為31只,37只,35只,均有所增加。培訓(xùn)后,大多數(shù)的犬在面對(duì)陌生人的問候時(shí),與陌生人合作散步時(shí)以及與陌生人接觸時(shí)表現(xiàn)出更加適中的社會(huì)性,既不會(huì)過分排斥,也不會(huì)出現(xiàn)過分依賴和熱情的行為。(2)距離測(cè)試中探索和游戲邀請(qǐng)變量在培訓(xùn)前后犬只得分比較后差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p0.05),而拔河變量得分情況在培訓(xùn)前后差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p=0.014)。分析培訓(xùn)前后得分分布情況發(fā)現(xiàn),拔河變量得分在培訓(xùn)前1分最多(14只)而培訓(xùn)后更集中于4分(14只);探索變量培訓(xùn)前后均集中于3分(培訓(xùn)前:19只,培訓(xùn)后:24只);游戲邀請(qǐng)變量培訓(xùn)前后均集中于1分(培訓(xùn)前:31只,培訓(xùn)后:27只),且3分犬?dāng)?shù)量有所增多。距離測(cè)試中探索、拔河、游戲邀請(qǐng)變量得分1~5分分別對(duì)應(yīng)犬對(duì)陌生人不感興趣、不玩拔河、不邀請(qǐng)陌生人進(jìn)行玩耍到犬與陌生人熱情、積極的玩耍碎布、積極的邀請(qǐng)陌生人玩耍。(3)扮鬼測(cè)試中接觸變量得分在培訓(xùn)前后差異沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p0.05)。其培訓(xùn)前后得分分布情況顯示,培訓(xùn)前更多的犬得2分(19只),而培訓(xùn)后犬得分更集中于4分(17只)。扮鬼測(cè)試中接觸變量得2分的犬對(duì)陌生人主要表現(xiàn)出較警惕的行為,而得分4分的犬主要表現(xiàn)較為自然,會(huì)主動(dòng)靠近陌生人進(jìn)行嗅聞。2.導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn)對(duì)犬膽量影響:(1)突然出現(xiàn)測(cè)試中除躲避變量外,驚嚇和探索變量在培訓(xùn)前后的得分差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p=0.009和p=0.047)。分析導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn)前后犬得分分布情況結(jié)果顯示,培訓(xùn)前后驚嚇變量中犬得分均集中于4分(培訓(xùn)前:15只,培訓(xùn)后:20只);探索變量培訓(xùn)前集中于3分(16只)而培訓(xùn)后更多的犬評(píng)分為4分(15只);躲避變量培訓(xùn)前后犬得分均集中于5分(培訓(xùn)前:20只,培訓(xùn)后:21只)。在培訓(xùn)后,更多的犬在面對(duì)突然拉起的衣服時(shí)會(huì)立即接近嗅聞,到周圍探索,重復(fù)經(jīng)過衣服時(shí)會(huì)呈現(xiàn)放松狀態(tài)。(2)金屬響聲測(cè)試中驚嚇、探索及躲避3個(gè)變量在培訓(xùn)前后得分差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p0.05)。進(jìn)一步分析犬得分在培訓(xùn)前后的分布情況,結(jié)果顯示,驚嚇變量在培訓(xùn)后得分為3分的犬相對(duì)減少(培訓(xùn)期:15只,培訓(xùn)后:11只)而得5分的犬相對(duì)增多(培訓(xùn)前:7只,培訓(xùn)后:13只);探索變量培訓(xùn)前后得分均集中于4分(培訓(xùn)前:20只,培訓(xùn)后:19只);躲避變量培訓(xùn)前后均集中于5分(培訓(xùn)前:26只,培訓(xùn)后:27只)。金屬響聲測(cè)試中驚嚇、探索、躲避變量犬只得分從1~5分分別對(duì)應(yīng)著犬的行為從聽見響聲后驚嚇逃跑,不敢接近聲源,與聲源保持一定距離到不在意聲源,立即接近聲源進(jìn)行探索嗅聞及重復(fù)經(jīng)過聲源時(shí)身體放松,完全不逃避。(3)扮鬼測(cè)試中的探索變量在培訓(xùn)前后犬得分差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.014)。得分分布情況顯示,培訓(xùn)前犬得分1分或2分的較多(9只和9只),而培訓(xùn)后得分更集中于5分(11只)。培訓(xùn)后,更多的犬會(huì)立即主動(dòng)接近陌生人進(jìn)行探索,且表現(xiàn)出熱情的行為3.導(dǎo)盲犬培訓(xùn)對(duì)測(cè)試中犬只心率影響:5個(gè)測(cè)試中犬心率值在培訓(xùn)前后比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。結(jié)論培訓(xùn)前后兩次測(cè)試對(duì)犬的刺激程度相對(duì)穩(wěn)定;社會(huì)接觸測(cè)試中的問候、合作、觸摸變量,距離測(cè)試中的探索、游戲邀請(qǐng)變量,突然出現(xiàn)測(cè)試中的躲避變量,金屬響聲測(cè)試中的驚嚇、探索、躲避變量及扮鬼測(cè)試中的接觸變量可作為導(dǎo)盲犬前期篩選的有效變量;距離測(cè)試中的拔河變量,突然出現(xiàn)測(cè)試中的驚嚇、探索變量及扮鬼測(cè)試中的探索變量更適宜作為考察犬培訓(xùn)后期合格性的變量。本研究可為完善導(dǎo)盲犬前期篩選方法提供支持。
[Abstract]:Objective guidance dog training cost is high and the success rate is low. At present, the number of blind dogs is far from meeting the needs of the visually impaired. If the dog can be screened effectively in the early stage of the training of the guide dog, it will be able to improve the success rate and reduce the training cost. In order to explore the effective variables that can be used as the early screening index for guide dog training, the results of the over temperament test and heart rate analysis were used to explore the effective variables that could be used as the early screening index for the training of the blind dogs, and to provide scientific reference for the early screening of suitable dogs for the training of the blind dogs. Methods 45 dogs were selected from the training base of the Chinese guide dog in Dalian. 42 Labrador dogs (18 females, 24 males), 3 golden hounds (1 females and 2 males) were 8~12 months old before the guide dog training and 24~32 months after the guide dog training. The dog's psychological assessment test (dog mentality assessment, DMA) was used to conduct behavioral tests on these dogs and guide blind dogs in these dogs. 10 sub tests were carried out each time before and after the training, and there were 10 subtests, including 33 variables. This study selected greetings, cooperation, touch variables, distance testing, tug of war, game invitations, contact variables in ghosts, and sudden appearance tests that could reflect the courage of the dog in the social contact test that can reflect the social nature of the dog. Frightening, exploring, avoiding variables, scare, exploring, avoiding variables, exploring 14 variables in ghosts test, and recording the heart rate changes in the test process in real time. After the test, the dog's behavior is scored according to the scoring standard. The comparison of the behavior scores and heart rate before and after the training is compared. Results the result of the 1. guide dog. The training on the social effects of the dog: (1) there is no statistical difference between the greeting, cooperation, and touch variables in the social contact test after the training (P0.05). Further analysis of the distribution of the variables in the test, the greetings and the joint work in the social contact test, and the most of the dogs who have scored 3 points before the training of the 3 related variables, respectively. There were 19, 32, 26, and the training dog scored more clearly in the score of 3. The 3 points of the 3 variables were 31, 37 and 35 were all increased. After training, most of the dogs took a walk in the face of strangers, took a walk with strangers, and showed a more moderate sociality when they were in contact with strangers. There was no excessive exclusion and no excessive dependence and enthusiasm. (2) there was no statistically significant difference (P0.05) between the exploration and game inviting variables before and after the training, while the difference between the tug of war score before and after the training was statistically significant (p=0.014). The analysis of the distribution of scores before and after training was found, The tug of War (tug of war) variable scored the most (14) points before training (1 points) and more concentrated in 4 (14) after training; before and after the training, all the variables were concentrated on 3 points (before training: 19, after training: 24); the game inviting variables were concentrated on 1 points before and after training (before training: 31, 27 after training), and the number of dogs in 3 increased. The 1~5 score of the play inviting variables was not interested in the strangers, did not play the tug of war, did not invite strangers to play to the dogs and strangers, and actively invited strangers to play. (3) there was no statistical significance before and after the training of the contact variables in ghosts test (P0.05). The cloth situation showed that more dogs had 2 points (19) before training, while the dog scored more than 4 points (17) after training. The dogs with 2 points in the ghosts test showed more vigilant behavior to strangers, and the 4 points of the dogs were more natural, and they would take the initiative to sniff the.2. guide dog training to the dog's courage. (1) the scores of shock and exploration variables were statistically significant (p=0.009 and p=0.047) before and after the training, except for avoidance variables. The distribution of dogs before and after the training of guide dogs showed that the scores of dogs in the frightened variables before and after training were 4 points before training (15 before training, 20 after training); Before training, 3 points were concentrated (16) and more dogs were scored 4 (15). The dog scores before and after training were 5 points (20 before training, 21 after training). After training, more dogs were immediately close to sniffing when they were suddenly pulled up, to the surrounding exploration and the relaxation state when the clothes were repeated. (2) gold There was no significant difference between the 3 variables before and after the training (P0.05). The distribution of dog scores before and after training was further analyzed. The results showed that the relative decrease of the dogs scored 3 points after training (training period: 15, 11 after training) and a relative increase of 5 points (before training: 7 Only after training: 13. The scores of the training before and after the training were all concentrated on 4 points (before training: 20, after training: 19); before and after training, the training was concentrated on 5 points (before training: 26, after training: 27). Running, do not close to the sound source, keep a certain distance from the sound source to the sound source, immediately close to the sound source to explore the smell and repeat the sound source of the body relaxation, completely do not escape. (3) the exploration variables in the ghosts test before and after training were statistically significant (P=0.014) before and after the training. The distribution of scores showed that the dog scored 1 points before training. There were more than 2 points (9 and 9), and the scores were more concentrated in 5 (11) after training. After training, more dogs were immediately approached to explore strangers, and the effect of enthusiastic behavior 3. guide dog training on heart rate in the test was not statistically significant (P0.05) before and after training in 5 tests. The two tests before and after the training are relatively stable to the dog's irritation; the greetings in the social contact test, the cooperation, the touch variable, the distance test, the game inviting variable, the escape variable in the sudden test, the shock, the exploration, the avoidance and the contact variable in the ghost test can be used as the lead dog prophase The selected effective variables, the tug of war in the distance test, the sudden shock in the test, the exploration variable and the exploration variable in the ghosts test are more suitable as variables to examine the later qualification of the dog training. This study can provide support for the improvement of the early screening method for the guide dog.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S829.2

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