本文選題：噻蟲啉 + 拌種�。� 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：噻蟲啉是繼吡蟲啉之后的第2代新煙堿類殺蟲劑,除具有殺蟲作用外還能刺激作物生長(zhǎng)、提高抗病性、誘導(dǎo)植株的多種生理變化等。麥蚜是小麥田重要害蟲,分布廣、食性雜、繁殖力強(qiáng),可造成小麥減產(chǎn)甚至絕產(chǎn)。此外,麥蚜還可以傳播多種麥類毒素病。現(xiàn)在應(yīng)用在小麥拌種中用來防治麥蚜的主要新煙堿類殺蟲劑是吡蟲啉和噻蟲嗪,但是研究表明吡蟲啉和噻蟲嗪對(duì)麥蚜天敵和蜜蜂等非靶標(biāo)生物表現(xiàn)為高毒作用,而噻蟲啉對(duì)蜜蜂低毒,對(duì)蜜蜂安全。本課題主要研究噻蟲啉拌種對(duì)小麥生理生長(zhǎng)和產(chǎn)量的作用,以及噻蟲啉拌種及噴霧條件下對(duì)麥蚜防治效果和對(duì)麥蚜天敵的影響。本試驗(yàn)主要研究了室內(nèi)條件和大田條件下,噻蟲啉拌種對(duì)小麥萌發(fā)和生理生長(zhǎng)以及產(chǎn)量的影響;大田條件下又采用噻蟲啉對(duì)小麥拌種與噴霧相結(jié)合的方法,研究對(duì)麥蚜的防效和對(duì)麥蚜天敵的影響。室內(nèi)測(cè)定了噻蟲啉對(duì)麥蚜和瓢蟲的活性。為噻蟲啉在小麥上的應(yīng)用提供理論支持。1.研究了噻蟲啉拌種對(duì)小麥萌發(fā)和種子活力以及小麥幼苗的生理生長(zhǎng)作用。研究結(jié)果表明噻蟲啉用量24g a.i./10kg種子劑量下對(duì)小麥發(fā)芽勢(shì)、發(fā)芽率沒有不良影響,能顯著提高小麥發(fā)芽指數(shù)和活力指數(shù)。也能明顯提高小麥幼苗葉綠素含量、根系活力以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過氧化物酶(POD)、過氧化氫酶(CAT)等保護(hù)酶的活性。說明噻蟲啉拌種能提高小麥幼苗的防御能力,增強(qiáng)小麥抗逆性,降低小麥傷害程度,減少植株細(xì)胞的膜脂過氧化水平,使幼苗生長(zhǎng)得到顯著提高。2.室內(nèi)條件下采用小麥水培的方法,對(duì)麥蚜分別采用浸漬法和內(nèi)吸法研究噻蟲啉對(duì)麥蚜防治的有效用量;對(duì)麥蚜天敵異色瓢蟲分別采用成蟲藥膜法和幼蟲點(diǎn)滴法研究噻蟲啉對(duì)瓢蟲的毒力作用。結(jié)果顯示噻蟲啉對(duì)麥蚜有很好的活性;且對(duì)麥蚜天敵異色瓢蟲的危害要小于吡蟲啉。3.大田實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了噻蟲啉拌種對(duì)小麥生長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)量的促進(jìn)作用和對(duì)麥蚜防效以及天敵的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示:噻蟲啉用量24g a.i./10kg種子劑量下效果最佳,有促進(jìn)小麥根長(zhǎng),增加根數(shù)、根冠比、分蘗數(shù)和地上、地下鮮種的作用,可以明顯增加小麥的穗數(shù)、穗粒數(shù)、千粒重和小麥產(chǎn)量;試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示噻蟲啉拌種可以通過改善成膜劑來延長(zhǎng)藥劑對(duì)麥蚜防治的持效期。試驗(yàn)濃度下對(duì)大田小麥進(jìn)行葉面噴霧處理后對(duì)麥蚜有很好的防效,并且對(duì)麥蚜天敵蚜繭蜂的危害比吡蟲啉小。
[Abstract]:Thiacloprid is the second generation of new nicotinic insecticides after imidacloprid, which not only can stimulate crop growth, improve disease resistance, but also induce many physiological changes of plants. Wheat aphid is an important pest in wheat field. In addition, wheat aphids can also spread a variety of wheat toxoid disease. The main new nicotinic insecticides used in wheat seed dressing are imidacloprid and thiamizine, but studies have shown that imidacloprid and thiamizine are highly toxic to non-target organisms such as wheat aphids and bees. Thiazoline is low toxic to bees and safe to bees. The main purpose of this study was to study the effects of seed dressing with thiaprophyrin on the physiological growth and yield of wheat, and the effects of seed dressing and spraying on the control of wheat aphid and the natural enemies of wheat aphid. In this experiment, the effects of thiazoline seed dressing on wheat germination, physiological growth and yield under indoor and field conditions were studied. To study the control effect on wheat aphid and the effect on natural enemy of wheat aphid. The activity of thiazoline against wheat aphid and ladybug was determined in laboratory. To provide theoretical support for the application of thiazoline in wheat. The effects of thiazoline seed dressing on wheat germination, seed vigor and physiological growth of wheat seedlings were studied. The results showed that the dosage of thiazoline (24g a.i./10kg) had no adverse effect on the germinating potential and germination rate of wheat, and could significantly improve the germination index and vigor index of wheat. It also increased the chlorophyll content, root activity and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) in wheat seedlings. The results showed that seed dressing with thiazoline could improve the defense ability of wheat seedlings, enhance wheat resistance, reduce the degree of wheat injury, reduce the level of membrane lipid peroxidation of plant cells, and increase seedling growth significantly. The effective dosage of thiazoline on wheat aphid control was studied by dipping method and internal absorption method respectively under indoor conditions by using wheat hydroponic method. The virulence of thiaprophyrin to ladybird beetle was studied by the method of adult membrane and larva drip respectively to the natural enemy of wheat aphid. The results showed that thiazoline had good activity against wheat aphids and was less harmful to the natural enemy of wheat aphids than imidacloprid. 3. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of seed dressing with thiamethrin on wheat growth, yield, wheat aphid control and natural enemies. The results showed that the effects of 24g a.i./10kg seed dosage on wheat root length, root number, root / shoot ratio, tiller number and fresh seeds above ground and underground could increase the number of spikes and grains per spike. The results showed that seed dressing with thiazoline could prolong the duration of the control of wheat aphid by improving the film forming agent. Under the experimental concentration, spraying the leaves of wheat in the field had a good control effect on the wheat aphid, and the damage to the natural enemy of the wheat aphid, the cocoon, was less than that of imidacloprid.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S435.122.2

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