發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-21 12:32

  本文選題：向日葵列當(dāng) + 誘捕作物　； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：向日葵列當(dāng)(Orobanche cumanaWallr.)是一種根寄生雜草,多數(shù)分布在我國(guó)的北部地區(qū),嚴(yán)重危害向日葵的生長(zhǎng),是我國(guó)的檢疫性惡性寄生雜草之一。目前尚沒(méi)有有效的方法加以防除。秦艽(GentianamacrophyllaPall.)屬龍膽科(Gentianaceae)龍膽屬(GentianaL),主要分布在中國(guó)西北部海拔較高的地區(qū),是青海地區(qū)一種道地的藥用植物,屬于我國(guó)三級(jí)保護(hù)藥材之一。近幾年,對(duì)于秦艽的需求量不斷增加,藥用植物與農(nóng)作物間作被認(rèn)為是一種十分有效的解決方案,本文研究了青海主要的糧食作物小麥、蠶豆及經(jīng)濟(jì)作物油菜誘捕向日葵列當(dāng)?shù)目赡苄?同時(shí)研究了這3種作物對(duì)藥用朱武秦艽的化感作用,以期對(duì)秦艽的人工栽培提供新的思路。主要結(jié)果如下:1.小麥和蠶豆的根部甲醇浸提液以及根系分泌物誘導(dǎo)向日葵列當(dāng)種子的發(fā)芽的能力較強(qiáng),其中寧東1號(hào)小麥的根部甲醇浸提液處理的向日葵列當(dāng)種子萌發(fā)率最高(41.5%)。蠶豆根部的甲醇浸提液和根系分泌物誘導(dǎo)向日葵列當(dāng)種子的發(fā)芽的能力也較強(qiáng),其中經(jīng)青蠶11號(hào)根系分泌物處理后的向日葵列當(dāng)種子的萌發(fā)率高達(dá)41.1%。因此,寧東1號(hào)小麥和青蠶11號(hào)植株的根部可能含有更多的誘導(dǎo)向日葵列當(dāng)發(fā)芽的物質(zhì),作為向日葵列當(dāng)誘捕作物的可能性較大。2.小麥根部甲醇浸提液原液、根系分泌物原液以及切根量為0.4 g和0.6 g時(shí)對(duì)秦艽的萌發(fā)有一定的抑制作用,卻對(duì)秦艽幼苗的生長(zhǎng)沒(méi)有影響。蠶豆較小麥來(lái)說(shuō)對(duì)秦艽的抑制作用較強(qiáng),且蠶豆地上部覆蓋時(shí)秦艽幼苗的生理指標(biāo)均較對(duì)照有顯著抑制作用。油菜對(duì)秦艽的抑制作用最強(qiáng),無(wú)論是根系分泌物或是不同切根以及秸稈覆蓋,均體現(xiàn)出對(duì)秦艽萌發(fā)和幼苗生長(zhǎng)的抑制作用,采用白菜型油菜和甘藍(lán)型油菜與秦艽進(jìn)行的混播試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),無(wú)論是在苗期或是蕾薹期,白菜型油菜對(duì)秦艽幼苗生長(zhǎng)的抑制作用都強(qiáng)于甘藍(lán)型油菜,綜上所述,在進(jìn)行秦艽的人工栽培時(shí),應(yīng)避免秦艽與油菜的間作或輪作。
[Abstract]:Orobanche Cumana Wallr. It is a root parasitic weed, most of which is distributed in the northern part of China. It seriously damages the growth of sunflower and is one of the quarantine malignant parasitic weeds in China. At present, there is no effective method to prevent it. Gentianamacrophylla Pall.) The genus Gentianaceae, mainly distributed in the high altitude area of northwestern China, is a kind of medicinal plant in Qinghai, which belongs to one of the third class protected medicinal herbs in China. In recent years, the demand for Gentiana macrophylla has been increasing, and the intercropping of medicinal plants and crops is considered to be a very effective solution. The possibility of snapping sunflower on Vicia faba and Brassica napus, and the allelopathic effect of these three crops on medicinal Gentiana macrophylla were studied in order to provide a new idea for the artificial cultivation of Gentiana macrophylla. The main results are as follows: 1. The methanol extract from the roots of wheat and broad bean and root exudates could induce the germination of sunflower L. seeds, and the germination rate of the seeds treated with methanol extract from the roots of Ningdong No. 1 wheat was the highest (41.5%). Methanol extract from Vicia faba roots and root exudates could induce the germination of sunflower seeds, and the germination rate of sunflower seeds treated with root exudates of green silkworm 11 was as high as 41.1%. Therefore, the roots of Ningdong 1 wheat and Qingsheng 11 plant may contain more materials to induce sunflower to germinate, and it is more likely that Ningdong 1 wheat and Qing Silkworm 11 plant can trap crops as sunflower species. Wheat root methanol extract, root exudates, root exudates and root cutting at 0.4 g and 0.6 g inhibited the germination of Gentiana macrophylla, but had no effect on the growth of Gentiana macrophylla seedlings. The inhibitory effect of broad bean on Gentiana macrophylla was stronger than that of wheat, and the physiological indexes of Gentiana macrophylla seedlings were significantly inhibited when the shoot part of broad bean was covered with Gentiana macrophylla. Rape had the strongest inhibitory effect on Gentiana macrophylla. Both root exudates, root cutting and straw mulch showed the inhibitory effect on the germination and seedling growth of Gentiana macrophylla. The mixed seeding experiment of Brassica campestris and Brassica macrophylla with Gentiana macrophylla showed that the inhibitory effect of Brassica campestris on seedling growth of Gentiana macrophylla was stronger than that of Brassica napus at seedling stage or bolting stage. In the artificial cultivation of Gentiana macrophylla, the intercropping or rotation between Gentiana macrophylla and rapeseed should be avoided.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S451;S567.239
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本文編號(hào)：1919195