本文選題：盆栽觀賞參 + 栽培基質��； 參考：《吉林農業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人參(Panax ginseng C.A.Mey)、西洋參(Panax quinquefolium Line)是弛名中外的名貴藥用植物,有“百草之王”的美稱,其翠綠的葉片、勻稱的體態(tài)、鮮紅的果實又具有很高的觀賞價值,成為近年林業(yè)生態(tài)旅游的新寵,尤其盆栽人參作為觀賞植物深得南方及都市客人的歡迎。為滿足旅游市場和都市人們對鮮活人參的喜愛和好奇,將其以盆栽的形式走進家庭、走進南方地區(qū)及長白山旅游市場有著巨大的開發(fā)潛力。但目前人參盆栽觀賞缺乏系列技術支撐,因此研究開發(fā)盆栽參系列技術勢在必行。本試驗以人參和西洋參為材料,研究了盆栽基質、基肥種類及不同葉面肥對盆栽參的生長指標、生理特性、光合特性及主要化學成分的影響,以期獲得盆栽觀賞參的最佳栽培技術體系,為后期完善盆栽觀賞人參提供理論和技術指導。主要研究結果如下:(1)以園土、草炭、山皮腐葉土、菌渣、珍珠巖和河沙為材料,按照不同體積比配置6個不同處理,進行盆栽試驗。結果表明:J1(山皮腐葉土)的綜合評價值最高,最適宜盆栽人參,其次為J4處理、再次為J6(園土:山皮腐葉土:沙=2:1:1)處理。筆者推薦J4(山皮腐葉土:草炭:菌渣=2:1:1)的基質配方作為盆栽人參應用,該配方對人參的生長、株高、莖粗、葉面積、多糖、總皂苷含量、水分利用率均明顯優(yōu)于其它處理,利用草炭與菌渣混配,減少了山皮腐葉土的用量。(2)以J4為盆栽基質,設置4個基肥處理:CK不施肥、處理1蘇子肥100g/m~2、處理2豆餅肥300g/m~2、處理3高濃度硫酸鉀復合肥40g/m~2。結果表明:施用基肥的試驗組均比CK植株長勢好,凈光合速率和水分利用率高,參根中化學成分含量高。處理3植株展葉期葉片長勢迅速,觀賞效果好,但此時發(fā)現參根中多糖和總皂苷的含量不及處理1,處理1雖然展葉期生長緩慢,但一直呈緩緩上升的趨勢,在綠果期時長勢超過了處理3,觀賞效果達到最佳,至試驗結束時一直優(yōu)于其他3個處理,其生育期6次參根中多糖和總皂苷的含量均處于最高水平。生育期第1次和第5次測定結果,4個處理的葉綠素a+b含量差值是:處理1處理3處理2CK,其中處理1是CK的4.6倍,處理1的凈光合速率值也最高。筆者推薦:盆栽西洋參基肥首選蘇子肥,其次選用高濃度硫酸鉀復合肥。(3)對全營養(yǎng)酵素進行4因素4水平的正交設計試驗,以葉面追肥的形式噴施。結果表明:最適合人參生長的全營養(yǎng)酵素組合為700倍的光合酵素+1100倍的結構酵素+6000倍的開根酵素。在此基礎上,設置CK(清水)對照、Z1(700倍光合酵素+1100倍結構酵素+6000倍開根酵素+700倍花粉酵素)、Z2(綠肽爾生根壯苗劑:700倍水劑+1750倍粉劑)、Z3(0.3%尿素+0.3%磷酸二氫鉀)4個處理。結果表明:5次施肥結束后,各處理間的莖粗無;各處理冠幅第5次時分別是第1次的1.65倍、2.08倍、1.87倍、2.20倍,同時也分別比CK提高了26.07%、13.33%、33.33%;Z3處理的觀賞特性最佳。各處理對盆栽人參的凈光合速率、水分利用率與CK相比差異顯著(P0.05),且ZI排序第一。五次測量葉片的葉綠素含量,Z1四次葉綠素含量最高,與其他各處理相比差異顯著(P0.05)。人參根中多糖每一次均比其他含量高。綜合認為,全營養(yǎng)酵素對提高盆栽人參品質方面作用效果顯著。其次為尿素和磷酸二氫鉀組合。
[Abstract]:Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Mey) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium Line) are famous and famous medicinal plants at home and abroad. They have the name of "the king of hundred grass". The green leaves, uniform body state and bright red fruit have high ornamental value. It has become the new favorite of forestry in recent years. Especially, the potted ginseng as an ornamental plant is deeply south. In order to meet the popularity of the city and the city guests, in order to satisfy the interest and curiosity of the tourist market and urban people, it has great potential to enter the family in the form of potted plants and enter the tourist market in the South and Changbai Mountain. But there is no series of technical support for the Panax ginseng potted ornamental. Therefore, the research and development of the potted ginseng technology potential In this experiment, ginseng and Panax quinquefolium were used as materials to study the growth index, physiological characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics and main chemical components of potted plant substrates, basal fertilizer types and foliage fertilizer, in order to obtain the best cultivation technology system for potted ornamental ginseng, and to provide theoretical and technical reference for the later improvement of potted ornamental ginseng. The main research results are as follows: (1) the pot experiment was carried out on the garden soil, peat, peels, perlite, perlite and river sand, according to the different volume ratio, and carried out pot experiments. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation value of J1 (mountain skin rot soil) was the highest, the most suitable for potted ginseng, followed by J4 treatment, and again J6 (garden soil: sate soil: sand = = sand =. 2:1:1) treatment. The author recommends the matrix formula of J4 (peat: peat: Bacon: bacterial residue =2:1:1) as a potted ginseng application. The formula is obviously superior to other treatments for ginseng growth, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, polysaccharide, total saponins content and water utilization ratio, and the use of peat and bacterial residue to reduce the amount of mountain rot leaf soil. (2) J4 as a basin. The substrate was planted with 4 basal manure treatments: CK did not apply fertilizer, treated 1 Soviet fertilizer 100g/m~2, treated 2 bean cake fertilizer 300g/m~2, and treated 3 high concentration potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. The results showed that the test group applied to the base fertilizer was better than the CK plant, the net photosynthetic rate and the water utilization rate were high, and the chemical composition in the ginseng root was high. The leaves length of the 3 plant leaf period was treated. However, the content of polysaccharides and total saponins in the root of the ginseng root was less than 1, and the treatment 1 had a slow growth in the leaf spreading period, but it had a tendency to increase slowly. In the green fruit period, the growth trend was more than 3, and the ornamental effect reached the best. At the end of the experiment, it had been better than the other 3 treatments, and its growth period was 6 times in the root. The contents of sugar and total saponins were at the highest level. The difference of chlorophyll a+b content in 4 treatments was first and fifth times, and the difference of chlorophyll content in 4 treatments was: treatment 1 treatment 3 treatment 2CK, of which treatment 1 was 4.6 times of CK, and the net photosynthetic rate of treatment 1 was also the highest. Hefei. (3) the orthogonal design test of 4 factors and 4 levels of all nutrient enzymes was carried out in the form of foliar fertilization. The results showed that the most suitable for the growth of ginseng was 700 times the +1100 times of the enzyme +6000 times the enzyme of the enzyme of the photosynthetic enzyme. On this basis, the CK (clear water) control was set up, and the Z1 (700 times the +1100 times of the photosynthetic enzyme) was set. Structural enzyme +6000 times open root yeast +700 times pollen yeast), Z2 (rooting plant rooting agent: 700 times the water agent +1750 times powder), Z3 (0.3% urea +0.3% phosphate dihydrogen phosphate) 4 treatments. The results showed that after the end of the 5 fertilization, the stems of each treatment were coarse, and each treatment was 1.65 times, 2.08 times, 1.87 times, 2.20 times, respectively, when the treatments were fifth times. Compared with CK, 26.07%, 13.33%, 33.33%, and 33.33%; Z3 treatment had the best ornamental characteristics. The net photosynthetic rate of potted ginseng was significantly different from that of CK (P0.05), and ZI sequencing was the first. The chlorophyll content of the leaves was measured five times, and the highest content of Z1 four chlorophyll content was significant (P0.05), compared with the other treatments (P0.05). The effects of all nutrient enzymes on improving the quality of Panax ginseng were significantly better than that of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

【學位授予單位】：吉林農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S567.5

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