本文選題：粘蟲近緣種 + 年齡-發(fā)育期兩性生命表��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：東方粘蟲Mythimna separata(Walker)、勞氏粘蟲Mythimna loreyi(Duponchel)和淡脈粘蟲Mythimna roseilinea(Walker)都是世界性害蟲。在我國常年混合發(fā)生為害對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成巨大的經(jīng)濟損失。其幼蟲形態(tài)和蛹的形態(tài)極為相似難以辨認,給測報工作帶來很大的困難。因此,明確三種粘蟲的生物學特性對加強其種群的測報十分必要。此外,由于全球氣候變化和我國種植結(jié)構(gòu)的改變,明確溫度和寄主植物對三種粘蟲種群動態(tài)的影響及其差異,可為不同粘蟲的控害提供依據(jù)。采用兩性生命表技術(shù)對不同溫度下三種粘蟲的生長發(fā)育和種群預測進行分析,明確了三種粘蟲之間發(fā)育歷期和生命表參數(shù)的差異:淡脈粘蟲未成熟期發(fā)育歷期最長、生命表參數(shù)最低;發(fā)育期與溫度負相關(guān),隨溫度的升高各蟲態(tài)的發(fā)育期顯著縮短,隨溫度的升高內(nèi)稟增長率r和周限增長率λ顯著增加,平均世代周T顯著降低;凈增值率R0受高溫和低溫影響顯著,東方粘蟲和勞氏粘蟲在24℃R0最大,淡脈粘蟲R0在21和24℃最大但都小于其它兩種粘蟲。東方粘蟲世代有效積溫最大淡脈粘蟲最低。不同溫度下粘蟲種群動態(tài)預測的結(jié)果表明,種群增長數(shù)量均在24℃時最大。應運飛行磨技術(shù)測試了三種粘蟲的飛行能力及其差異:東方粘蟲有最強的飛行能力而淡脈粘蟲飛行最弱;東方粘蟲在4日齡飛行能力最強,勞氏粘蟲和淡脈粘蟲都在3日齡飛行能力最強;18-30℃范圍內(nèi),東方粘蟲的飛行能力隨溫度升高而增強,勞氏粘蟲在24℃飛行能力最強其它溫度無差異,淡脈粘蟲的飛行能力先隨溫度的升高而升高至27℃到達然后降低。自主飛行結(jié)果明確了三種粘蟲的飛行節(jié)律并驗證了吊飛試驗的結(jié)果,1日齡和6日齡粘蟲飛行活動較弱,勞氏粘蟲和淡脈粘蟲在24:00am后飛行活動逐漸增強,東方粘蟲在整個暗期都有明顯的飛行活動,飛行活動最活躍的時間為3:00-5:00 am。測試分析了三種粘蟲的抗寒能力:三種粘蟲都是在蛹期時過冷卻點顯著最低,表現(xiàn)為最適宜的越冬蟲態(tài);東方粘蟲高齡幼蟲期的過冷卻點和蛹期無差異也可以作為越冬蟲態(tài);東方粘蟲過冷卻點和淡脈粘蟲無差異但都顯著低于勞氏粘蟲,而勞氏粘蟲在低溫下的存活率顯著較高;飼養(yǎng)溫度對粘蟲抗寒性影響顯著,低溫和高溫飼養(yǎng)都能促使勞氏粘蟲和淡脈粘蟲的過冷卻點降低,只有低溫能使東方粘蟲的過冷卻點降低;粘蟲的蛹重和性別對其抗寒性均無影響。明確了寄主植物對東方粘蟲生長發(fā)育、飛行與抗寒能力的親本效應:寄主植物對東方粘蟲的生長發(fā)育、飛行能力和抗寒能力存在明顯的親本效應。親本以小麥為寄主的幼蟲期顯著較長,以玉米為寄主的蛹期顯著較長;兩親本的子代取食玉米時小麥親本的子代幼蟲期較長。親本以玉米為寄主的蛹期顯著較長,兩親本的子代取食小麥時玉米親本的子代幼蟲期較長。寄主植物對蛹重的影響同幼蟲期。親本以玉米為寄主蛹的過冷卻點和結(jié)冰點顯著較低雌雄蛹表現(xiàn)相同,兩親本的子代都取食玉米時玉米親本的子代雌蛹過冷卻點顯著較低,而小麥親本的子代雄蛹過冷卻點較低。子代結(jié)冰點的變化同過冷卻點。以玉米和小麥為寄主的親代和子代在生殖和壽命方面均無顯著差異。以玉米為寄主的親代飛行時間和飛行距離均強于以小麥為寄主,兩親本的子代都取食小麥時玉米親本的子代飛行時間顯著較長。
[Abstract]:Mythimna separata (Walker), Mythimna loreyi (Duponchel) and Mythimna roseilinea (Walker) of Lloyd Lloyd is a worldwide pest. The occurrence of a perennial mixture in China causes huge economic losses to agricultural production. The morphology of the larvae and the form of the pupae are very similar and unrecognizable, which brings a great deal to the work of measuring and reporting. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the biological characteristics of three species of armyworm. In addition, the influence and difference of temperature and host plants on the population dynamics of three species of the species can be provided by the change of global climate and the change of the planting structure in China. The growth and population prediction of three species of armyworm at different temperatures were analyzed, and the difference between the development period and the life table parameters between the three species of armyworm was clarified: the growth period of the immature stage of the light vein of M. armyworm was the longest, the life table was the lowest, the development period was negatively correlated with the temperature, and the development period of each insect state decreased with the temperature, with the temperature. The intrinsic growth rate R and the circumferential growth rate [lambda] increased significantly, and the average generation T decreased significantly, and the net increment rate R0 was significantly affected by high temperature and low temperature. Oriental and Lloyd's R0 were the largest at 24 C, R0 at 21 and 24 degrees centigrade, but less than the other two species. The population dynamic prediction at the temperature showed that the population growth was the largest at 24 degrees. The flight ability of three species of armyworm was measured by the flying milling technique and the difference was found: Oriental armyworm had the strongest flying ability while the light pulse was the weakest, the oriental armyworm was the strongest in 4 days of age, and 3. In the range of 18-30 degrees, the flying ability of oriental armyworm increased with the temperature, and the other temperatures of the strongest flight at 24 C were no difference. The flight ability of the light veined armyworm first increased to 27 degrees C and then decreased with the increase of temperature. The flight rhythm of three species of armyworm was determined and tested. The flight activity of 1 days and 6 days of age was weak. The flight activity of the 1 days and the 6 days was gradually increased. The flight activity of the oriental armyworm and the light pulse was gradually enhanced, and the oriental armyworm had a distinct flight activity throughout the dark period. The most active time of the flight activity was to analyze the cold resistance of three species of the armyworm: three species of armyworm. The over cooling point at the pupal stage is the lowest, showing the most suitable overwintering insect state. The over cooling and pupal stage of the oriental armyworm can be used as the overwintering insect, and the over cooling point and the light vein of the oriental armyworm are significantly lower than that of Lloyd's, but the survival rate of the Lloyd's worm at low temperature is significantly higher. The degree of low temperature and high temperature feeding could reduce the supercooling point of M. Lloyd and the light pulse. Only the low temperature could reduce the over cooling point of oriental armyworm, and the pupal weight and sex of the armyworm had no effect on its cold resistance. Effect: the host plants have obvious parental effect on the growth, development, flying ability and cold resistance of the oriental armyworm. The parent of the parent is significantly longer in the larval stage of the host of wheat, and the pupae period with corn as the host is significantly longer; the offspring of the two parent's offspring are longer in the offspring of the parent of the wheat. The parent's parent is the host of the pupa. The progeny of the parents of the two parent was longer. The effect of the host plant on the pupae weight of the host plant was the same as that in the larval stage. The parent of the parent was the same as the supercooling point of the maize as the host pupa and the lower male and female chrysalis at the freezing point. The offspring of the two parent were significantly more than the female parent of the maize. The over cooling point of the progeny pupae of the progeny of the parents of the wheat was lower. The change of the freezing point of the progeny was the same as the over cooling point. There was no significant difference in the reproduction and life of the parents and the progeny of the maize and wheat. The parent generation time and distance of the maize as the host were stronger than the wheat as the host, and the offspring of the two parents were all feeding on the wheat. The flight time of the progeny of the parent of maize was significantly longer.

【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S433.4

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