本文選題：銀杏古樹 + 生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)　； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：銀杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)是被稱為裸子植物的“活化石”,由于其葉的提取物在心腦血管系統(tǒng)疾病方面獨(dú)特的生理作用,而受到國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的重視。銀杏葉入藥在中國(guó)已有上千年的歷史,中國(guó)銀杏資源,尤其是銀杏古樹資源極為豐富。黃酮和萜類化合物,尤其是銀杏葉中的黃酮、銀杏內(nèi)酯和白果內(nèi)酯具有很高的醫(yī)用價(jià)值和保健作用,研究銀杏黃酮類化合物和萜類化合物對(duì)銀杏葉的有效利用具有重要意義,利用科學(xué)的方法選育高黃酮、高萜內(nèi)酯化合物含量的古樹家系,對(duì)于挖掘優(yōu)異種質(zhì)具有重要意義。據(jù)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),中國(guó)共有23個(gè)省(區(qū))有銀杏古樹分布。為選育銀杏良種家系和確定銀杏葉適采期,現(xiàn)利用HPLC技術(shù),對(duì)來源于全國(guó)19個(gè)省(區(qū))的36份銀杏古樹種質(zhì)進(jìn)行黃酮、萜類化合物含量測(cè)定,并對(duì)銀杏植株生長(zhǎng)量進(jìn)行測(cè)定。本研究的主要結(jié)果如下:(1)根據(jù)銀杏古樹半同胞家系連續(xù)三年的生長(zhǎng)量,篩選出9個(gè)生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)較好的家系,分別是123(甘肅徽縣銀杏鄉(xiāng)銀杏村)、133(北京門頭溝區(qū)永定鎮(zhèn)馬鞍山戒臺(tái)寺)、58(重慶酉陽木葉鄉(xiāng)羅家村謝家坨)、72(廣西興安白石鄉(xiāng)水源頭村)、97(江蘇通州東社鎮(zhèn)銀杏村)、38(廣西靈川潮田鄉(xiāng)華口村)、55(山東泰山岱廟宋天貺殿后)、71(貴州烏當(dāng)羊昌鎮(zhèn)黃連村琵琶寨)、82(江蘇如皋搬經(jīng)鎮(zhèn)夏岱村)。(2)測(cè)定了4月到9月的黃酮和萜內(nèi)酯含量的,分析得出黃酮與萜內(nèi)酯含量的季節(jié)變化規(guī)律基本一致,為4月至8月含量逐漸升高,7月或8月份達(dá)到最高,9月份開始下降。在黃酮化合物中,槲皮素含量最高,其次是山奈酚,異鼠李素含量最少。在萜內(nèi)酯化合物中,白果內(nèi)酯含量最高,其次是銀杏內(nèi)酯A和銀杏內(nèi)酯B,銀杏內(nèi)酯J含量最少。(3)在8月份,測(cè)定了36個(gè)家系的黃酮和萜內(nèi)酯含量,結(jié)果顯示不同家系的黃酮、萜內(nèi)酯化合物含量差異顯著,篩選出7個(gè)黃酮和萜內(nèi)酯含量均較高的家系,分別為72(廣西興安白石鄉(xiāng)水源頭村)、58(重慶酉陽木葉鄉(xiāng)羅家村謝家坨)、82(江蘇如皋搬經(jīng)鎮(zhèn)夏岱村)、123(甘肅徽縣銀杏鄉(xiāng)銀杏村)、99(貴州都勻擺忙鄉(xiāng)擺忙村)、133(北京門頭溝區(qū)永定鎮(zhèn)馬鞍山戒臺(tái)寺)、10(山東泰山老君堂)家系。(4)綜合36個(gè)家系的植株生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)與黃酮、萜內(nèi)酯化合物含量分析,篩選出了5個(gè)銀杏植株生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)較好并且其黃酮、萜內(nèi)酯化合物含量較高的家系,分別為72(廣西興安白石鄉(xiāng)水源頭村)、58(重慶酉陽木葉鄉(xiāng)羅家村謝家坨)、82(江蘇如皋搬經(jīng)鎮(zhèn)夏岱村)、123(甘肅徽縣銀杏鄉(xiāng)銀杏村)、133(北京門頭溝區(qū)永定鎮(zhèn)馬鞍山戒臺(tái)寺)號(hào)家系。
[Abstract]:Ginkgo biloba L.It is called "living fossil" of gymnosperms. Because of its unique physiological function in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the extract of its leaves has been paid attention to by scholars at home and abroad.Ginkgo biloba has been used as medicine for thousands of years in China, and the resources of ginkgo biloba, especially ancient ginkgo trees, are very rich in China.Flavonoids and terpenoids, especially flavonoids, ginkgolides and ginkgolides in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba have high medical value and health care. It is of great significance to study the effective utilization of ginkgo biloba leaves with flavonoids and terpenes.It is of great significance to select ancient tree families with high flavonoids and high terpene lactone content by using scientific methods.According to the survey, there are 23 provinces (regions) of ancient ginkgo trees in China.In order to select the improved Ginkgo pedigree and determine the suitable harvest period of Ginkgo biloba leaves, the flavonoids and terpenoids contents of 36 ancient Ginkgo germplasms from 19 provinces (districts) of China were determined by HPLC technique, and the growth of Ginkgo biloba plants was measured.The main results of this study are as follows: (1) according to the growth of half sib families of ancient ginkgo trees for three consecutive years, 9 families with better growth potential were selected.Ginkgo Village, Huixian County, Gansu Province (Yongding Town, Mentougou District, Beijing) Jietai Temple, Ma'anshan, Gui 58 (Chongqing Youyang Muye Township Luo Jia Tuo Tuo Gun 72) (Guangxi Xingan Baishi Township head Village, Shoushui Village, Ginkgo Village 38 (Ginkgo Village, Tongzhou, Jiangsu Province)The contents of flavonoids and terpene lactones were determined from April to September in Huakou 55, Huakou Village, Chaotian Township, Lingchuan County (Huanglian Village, Huanglian Village, Huanglian Village, Yangchang Town, Wudang County, Shandong Province), and the contents of flavonoids and terpene lactones in the period from April to September.The results showed that the seasonal variation of flavonoids and terpene lactones was basically the same, which increased gradually from April to August, and reached the highest level in July or August, and began to decrease in September.Among the flavonoids, quercetin content was the highest, followed by kaempferol, isorhamnetin content was the least.In August, the contents of flavonoids and terpenes in 36 families were determined.Seven families with higher flavonoids and terpene lactones were selected.No. 72 (Shuiguantou Village, Baishi Township, Xingan, Guangxi Province) (Chuantuo 882, Muye Township, Youyang, Chongqing (Xiadai Village, Xiadai Village, Rugao Town, Jiangsu Province) (Ginkgo Village, Ginkgo Village, Huixian County, Gansu Province) (Ginkgo Village, Ginkgo Village, Huiao County, Gansu Province)The plant growth potential and flavonoids of 36 families were synthesized in Dingzhen, Ma'anshan Jietai Temple (Taishan Laojuntang, Shandong Province).Based on the analysis of terpene lactone compounds, five families with better growth potential and higher flavonoids and terpene lactone compounds were selected.It is 72s (Shuiguantou Village, Baishi Township, Xingan County, Guangxi Province). (Chongqing Youyang Muye Town Luojia Village Tuo Tuo Gun 82 (Xiadai Village, Xiadai Village, Rugao Town, Jiangsu Province) (Ginkgo Village, Ginkgo Village, Huizhou County, Gansu Province), No. 133 (Jietai Temple, Ma'anshan, Yongding Town, Mentougou District, Beijing).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S792.95

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