本文選題：超高產(chǎn)大豆　切入點(diǎn)：嫁接　出處：《沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究以來(lái)自相同的祖先親本(Williams和Amsoy)且地理緯度相同的美國(guó)俄亥俄州(38.45～41.22° N)和中國(guó)遼寧省(38.55～42.32° N)不同年代育成的11個(gè)代表性大豆品種為接穗,于子葉期分別與超高產(chǎn)大豆品種遼豆14和中黃35的砧木進(jìn)行嫁接,以11個(gè)不同年代育成品種的自身嫁接處理與不嫁接處理作為對(duì)照。在盆栽條件下,測(cè)定大豆的根系生理性狀、葉片光合生理性狀、葉片保護(hù)酶活性、各器官的養(yǎng)分含量、植株農(nóng)藝性狀和品質(zhì)性狀。探討嫁接超高產(chǎn)品種砧木對(duì)不同年代育成品種形態(tài)、生理、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響,試圖明確根系改良對(duì)產(chǎn)量形成的重要性,從而揭示根系改良在大豆育種中的作用。研究結(jié)果如下:1.超高產(chǎn)大豆根系的生理功能優(yōu)勢(shì)以超高產(chǎn)品種做砧木進(jìn)行嫁接處理,會(huì)對(duì)不同年代育成品種的根系傷流液重量和根系活力產(chǎn)生顯著影響。與品種自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種遼豆14砧木或中黃35砧木上后,其R5和R6期的根系傷流液重量和根系活力得到顯著提高。由此說(shuō)明,超高產(chǎn)品種遼豆14和中黃35在生殖生長(zhǎng)期具有較強(qiáng)的根系生理活性。2.超高產(chǎn)大豆砧木對(duì)不同年代育成品種光合生理的影響葉片的光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、蒸騰速率和葉色值均呈單峰曲線(xiàn)變化,其中,光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、蒸騰速率于R2期達(dá)到高峰值,葉色值于R4期達(dá)到高峰值,而后開(kāi)始呈下降趨勢(shì)。R5至R6期間,不同年代育成品種嫁接到自身砧木上后,植株葉片的光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、蒸騰速率和葉色值平均每天分別下降1.43%、3.67%、3.38%和0.82%,而嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,植株相應(yīng)地平均每天分別下降了 1.11%、3.26%、2.05%和0.48%。即嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,鼓粒期葉片的光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、蒸騰速率和葉色值的下降速率顯著降低。由此說(shuō)明,根系改良能夠使不同年代育成品種的葉片在生殖生長(zhǎng)期仍保持較高的光合特性。3.超高產(chǎn)大豆砧木對(duì)不同年代育成品種葉片保護(hù)酶活性的影響以超高產(chǎn)品種做砧木進(jìn)行嫁接處理,會(huì)對(duì)不同年代育成品種鼓粒期葉片的保護(hù)酶活性產(chǎn)生極顯著影響。SOD活性和POD活性在嫁接處理與品種間的互作效應(yīng)達(dá)顯著水平。與品種自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,不同年代育成品種的SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性和MDA含量分別提高了 19.69%、83.29%、61.17%和30.22%。4.超高產(chǎn)大豆砧木對(duì)不同年代育成品種養(yǎng)分吸收和積累的影響以超高產(chǎn)品種做砧木進(jìn)行嫁接處理,對(duì)不同年代育成品種各器官的氮、磷、鉀的百分含量影響趨勢(shì)大致相同。與品種自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,不同年代育成品種莖稈與籽粒的氮、磷、鉀的百分含量與積累量均得到了提高。其中,當(dāng)代品種的增幅大于共同親本和中期品種。與品種自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,不同年代育成品種的氮、磷、鉀的單株積累量分別提高了 12.01%、10.73%、4.18%,收獲指數(shù)分別提高了 0.54%、0.39%和7.29%,而利用效率則分別下降了 5.67%、2.65%和 3.82%。5.超高產(chǎn)大豆砧木對(duì)不同年代育成品種農(nóng)藝和品質(zhì)性狀的影響以超高產(chǎn)品種做砧木進(jìn)行嫁接處理,對(duì)不同年代育成品種植株的形態(tài)性狀無(wú)顯著影響,對(duì)產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)性狀存在影響。與品種自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,共同親本、俄亥俄中期、遼寧中期、俄亥俄當(dāng)代和遼寧當(dāng)代品種的單株產(chǎn)量分別提高了 4.5%、6.9%、9.4%、15.7%和19.9%。嫁接到超高產(chǎn)大豆砧木上后,不同年代育成品種的單株產(chǎn)量的提高主要?dú)w因于單株莢數(shù)、每莢粒數(shù)、單株粒數(shù)、百粒重和粒莖比的顯著提高。與品種自身做砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高產(chǎn)品種砧木上后,不同年代育成品種的蛋白質(zhì)含量顯著提高了 1.32%,當(dāng)代品種的增幅大于中期品種和共同親本,但脂肪含量平均降低了 0.32%。
[Abstract]:From the same ancestor since this study (Williams and Amsoy) and the same latitude in the American state of Ohio (38.45 ~ 41.22 N) and Liaoning province China (38.55 ~ 42.32 N) of 11 representative soybean varieties bred in different eras as scion in cotyledon stage respectively with super high yielding soybean cultivar Liaodou 14 and 35 yellow rootstock were grafted to 11 different cultivars and its grafting grafting treatment as control. Under the condition of pot cultivation, root physiological traits measured in soybean, photosynthetic physiological traits, leaf protective enzyme activities, nutrient content of different organs, traits and quality traits of plants study of super high yield. The agronomic grafting Rootstocks on different cultivars in morphology, physiology, yield and quality, trying to clear the importance of root improvement on the yield formation, so as to reveal the role of root improvement in soybean breeding research. The results are as follows: 1. super high yield soybean root physiological function advantage with super high yielding rootstocks grafting treatment on different years root varieties of SAP weight and root vigor significantly. Compared with the varieties rootstocks grafted plants, high-yield Liaodou 14 rootstocks or yellow 35 the stock after the R5 root injury and R6 stage SAP weight and root activity was improved significantly. Therefore, super high yield Liaodou 14 and yellow 35 in the reproductive growth stage has.2. strong root physiological activity of super high yielding soybean rootstock cultivars in different years affected the photosynthetic physiology of leaves the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf color value showed a single peak curve. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate in R2 reached the peak, the leaf color value in R4 reached the peak, and then began to decline.R During the period of 5 to R6 in different cultivars grafted onto its rootstock, leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf color value per day decreased 1.43%, respectively 3.67%, 3.38% and 0.82%, and grafted to the super high yield varieties rootstocks, corresponding plants decreased average daily 1.11%, 3.26%, 2.05% and 0.48%. is grafted to the super high yield varieties rootstock, pod leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf color value decrease rate decreased significantly. Therefore, the blade root improvement can make different kinds of times bred in the reproductive growth remains high.3. photosynthetic characteristics of super high yielding soybean stocks on different years of protective enzyme activity of Wheat leaves in super high yield varieties rootstock grafting, of different cultivars in seed filling stage of leaf protective enzyme activity produced significantly. Ring significantly.SOD activity and POD activity in the interaction between varieties and grafting effect. Compared with the varieties rootstocks grafted plants, high-yield rootstocks, different cultivars of SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity and MDA content were increased by 19.69%, 61.17% and 83.29%. 30.22%.4. super high yielding soybean stocks on different years of accumulation and absorption of nutrients in super high yield varieties rootstocks grafting treatment for different years in different organs of species of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content influence trend roughly the same. Compared with the varieties rootstocks grafted plants, super high yield rootstock, in different varieties of stem and grain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content accumulation had been improved. Among them, the contemporary varieties increased by more than the common parent and mid varieties. Varieties of their own and do. Compared with wood plants grafted to super high yield varieties rootstocks, different in varieties of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium accumulation per plant were increased by 12.01%, 10.73%, 4.18%, harvest index were increased by 0.54%, 0.39% and 7.29%, while the use efficiency is decreased by 5.67%, 2.65% and 3.82%.5. of super high yielding soybean effect of Rootstocks on different years agronomic and quality traits in super high yield varieties rootstocks for grafting of different years, refined plant morphological traits had no significant effects, effects on Yield and quality traits. Compared with varieties rootstocks grafted plants, high-yield stock, common parents, Ohio middle, mid Liaoning, Ohio and Liaoning contemporary contemporary yield varieties were increased by 4.5%, 6.9%, 9.4%, 15.7% and 19.9%. grafted to super high yield soybean rootstock, bred in different ages The yield per plant varieties increased mainly due to the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed number per plant, increased 100 seed weight and seed stem ratio. Compared with the varieties rootstocks grafted plants, high-yield rootstocks, different years protein content cultivars significantly increased by 1.32% the increase is greater than the middle of contemporary varieties, varieties and common parent, but the average fat content decreased by 0.32%.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S565.1
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本文編號(hào)：1666622