本文關(guān)鍵詞：丘陵山區(qū)果園立式單軸開溝施肥機(jī)的研究　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 開溝施肥機(jī) FEM-SPH數(shù)值耦合方法 回歸正交試驗(yàn) 優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 田間試驗(yàn)

【摘要】：開溝施顆粒肥料是果園施肥的主要方式,是提高水果產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量的重要措施。目前這一工作在我國丘陵山區(qū)果園主要依靠人工完成,其機(jī)械化水平低已經(jīng)成為制約我國水果產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要因素。針對這一問題,本文研制了一款適合我國丘陵山區(qū)作業(yè)的果園開溝施肥機(jī),主要研究內(nèi)容如下:從丘陵山區(qū)果園的作業(yè)環(huán)境和作業(yè)效率考慮,提出開溝施肥機(jī)采用井字形開溝,一次作業(yè)完成開溝、施肥兩項(xiàng)工藝過程的作業(yè)方式。根據(jù)果園開溝施肥的農(nóng)藝要求,提出果園開溝施肥機(jī)開溝深度大于250mm,寬度小于500mm等相關(guān)的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)并初步設(shè)計(jì)了立式單軸果園開溝施肥機(jī),該機(jī)開溝部件采用刀片組合立式旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具與清溝犁配合進(jìn)行開溝作業(yè),施肥裝置采用ZGB37R小型電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)。為提高機(jī)具利用率,初步選擇1WG6.3型微耕機(jī)作為開溝施肥機(jī)的動(dòng)力機(jī)械。在滿足農(nóng)藝要求的基礎(chǔ)上,為降低機(jī)具作業(yè)功耗和提高機(jī)具研發(fā)效率,通過數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算和理論分析建立了土壤質(zhì)點(diǎn)在刀片上的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,運(yùn)用FEM-SPH數(shù)值耦合方法對旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具切削土壤的過程進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,結(jié)果表明:在旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具轉(zhuǎn)速為26rad/s,刀片折彎角為22°的情況下旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具切削土壤平均功耗為2.080kW;運(yùn)用扭矩—轉(zhuǎn)速測量平臺(tái)對旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具切削土壤進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),得到旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具切削土壤平均功耗為2.172kW,與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果的相對誤差為4.42%。在誤差允許范圍內(nèi)表明采用FEM-SPH數(shù)值耦合方法對旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具切削土壤進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬是可行的,為旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。以對切削土壤功耗影響明顯的旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具轉(zhuǎn)速和刀片的折彎角為試驗(yàn)因子,設(shè)計(jì)二元二次回歸正交組合試驗(yàn),運(yùn)用FEM-SPH數(shù)值耦合方法對回歸正交組合試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬研究,建立旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具切削土壤功耗與旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具轉(zhuǎn)速和刀片折彎角的回歸方程。運(yùn)用MATLAB工具箱建立回歸方程的數(shù)學(xué)優(yōu)化模型并對旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具轉(zhuǎn)速和刀片折彎角進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。優(yōu)化結(jié)果表明:在旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具轉(zhuǎn)速為20.3rad/s,刀片折彎角為20.7°時(shí),旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具切削土壤平均功耗最小為1.721kW。運(yùn)用FEM-SPH數(shù)值耦合方法對優(yōu)化后的旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具切削土壤進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,結(jié)果表明:優(yōu)化后的旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具切削土壤平均功耗為1.684kW,與優(yōu)化結(jié)果相對誤差為2.15%。運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)速—扭矩測量平臺(tái)對優(yōu)化后的旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:優(yōu)化后的旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具切削土壤平均功耗為1.831kW,與優(yōu)化結(jié)果相對誤差為6.39%。在誤差允許范圍內(nèi),數(shù)值模擬和試驗(yàn)結(jié)果均表明優(yōu)化具有較高的準(zhǔn)確性。根據(jù)優(yōu)化結(jié)果完成對旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),優(yōu)化后的旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具與初始設(shè)計(jì)相比切削土壤功耗降低15.70%,優(yōu)化效果比較明顯。運(yùn)用Ansys-Workbench對旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具的立軸和刀片進(jìn)行有限元靜態(tài)分析,結(jié)果表明:立軸和刀片均能夠滿足設(shè)計(jì)和作業(yè)要求,可靠性好。在以上基礎(chǔ)上完成立式單軸果園開溝施肥機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化并完成樣機(jī)的制作,以1WG6.3型微耕機(jī)作為動(dòng)力機(jī)械進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:該立式單軸果園開溝施肥機(jī)匹配1WG6.3型微耕機(jī)的田間作業(yè)性能滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求和農(nóng)藝要求;能夠在丘陵山區(qū)果園的狹窄環(huán)境中正常作業(yè),平均開溝深度在250mm以上,最大寬度不超過500mm;開溝拋土效果較好,溝底浮土較少,拋土距離小于700mm;每小時(shí)可完成開溝作業(yè)800m以上,并同時(shí)完成施肥工藝。
[Abstract]:Application of fertilizer is the main way of ditching fertilization in orchards, is an important measure to improve the yield and quality of fruit. The work in my orchard in hilly areas mainly rely on manual completion of the low level of mechanization has become an important factor restricting the development of fruit industry in China. To solve this problem, this paper has developed a suitable for the operation of our country in the hilly area of the orchard ditching and fertilizing machine, the main research contents are as follows: from the consideration of hilly orchard operation environment and operation efficiency, the ditching and fertilizing machine adopts well shaped ditching, complete the job a ditching, fertilization two process operation. According to the requirements of orchard ditching and fertilizing agronomic, proposed orchard ditching fertilizing ditching depth is more than 250mm, the width is less than 500mm and other related design parameters and preliminary design of the vertical axis of orchard ditching and fertilizing machine, the machine parts by ditching blade The combination of vertical rotating cutter and plough with Qing ditching, fertilizing device is driven by a small motor ZGB37R. To increase the utilization rate of the equipment, the preliminary selection of 1WG6.3 type micro tillage machine as power machinery furrowing and fertilizing machine. Based on meet the agronomic requirements, in order to reduce the power consumption for Industry machinery and equipment to improve the efficiency of research and development, and kinematics dynamic model by mathematical calculation and theoretical analysis to establish the soil particle in the blade, numerical simulation, using FEM-SPH numerical coupling method for rotary cutter soil cutting process the results show that: in the rotating cutter speed 26rad/s, condition of blade bending angle of 22 degrees under the rotation of the cutter cutting soil average power consumption is 2.080kW; the use of torque speed measurement platform to test the rotary cutting tool by rotating cutter cutting soil soil, the average power consumption is 2.172kW, and the numerical simulation results. The error is 4.42%. in the range of allowable error indicated that the FEM-SPH coupling numerical method to simulate the rotation of the cutter cutting soil is feasible, laid the foundation for the optimization design of the rotary cutter. By rotating cutter speed and blade bending effect on soil cutting power angle as experimental factors, two regression orthogonal design two yuan combination test, using FEM-SPH numerical coupling method to simulate regression orthogonal experiments, the regression equation of soil cutting power and rotation speed and rotation of the cutter blade bending angle. The use of MATLAB toolbox to establish the regression equation and the optimization mathematical model of rotary cutter speed and blade bending angle are optimized. The optimization results show that: in the rotation cutting speed 20.3rad/s, blade bending angle is 20.7 degrees, rotary cutter cutting soil minimum average power consumption by 1.721kW. FEM-SPH numerical coupling method for numerical simulation of rotary cutting soil after optimization results show that the rotation of the cutter cutting soil average power optimized for 1.684kW, and the optimization results of relative error of 2.15%. by using speed - torque measurement of rotating knife platform optimized with experiment, the results show that the rotation of the cutter cutting soil average power optimization after the 1.831kW, and optimization of the relative error is 6.39%. in the range of allowable error, numerical simulation and experimental results indicate that the optimization has higher accuracy. According to the optimization results to complete the optimization design of the rotary cutter, rotary cutter and initial optimized design compared to soil cutting power consumption is reduced by 15.70%, the use of optimization effect is obvious. Ansys-Workbench of the rotating cutter blade of vertical shaft and static finite element analysis, the results show that the vertical axis and the blade are able to meet. Design and operation requirements, good reliability. The design and optimization of vertical single axis orchard ditching fertilizing machine on the basis of the above and complete the prototype production, with 1WG6.3 type micro tillage machine as power machinery field test was carried out. The results show that the vertical axis of orchard furrowing and fertilizing machine matched with the type 1WG6.3 micro tillage machine field operation performance to meet the design requirements and agronomic requirements; to the normal operation of a narrow environment in hilly orchard, average furrow depth was more than 250mm, the maximum width of less than 500mm; ditching throwing soil better, ditch topsoil less soil throwing distance is less than 700mm; every hour to complete ditching operations more than 800m, and at the same time to complete the fertilization process.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S224.2

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