本文選題：馬克思 + 人的需要理論��； 參考：《東華理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人的需要,是一個普遍而永恒存在的話題。自人類誕生那一刻起,人的需要也就隨之出現(xiàn)了,人的生命的維持、人與自然的相處、人與社會的交往都傳遞著人的需要的方方面面,伴隨著人類歷史發(fā)展的始終。馬克思人的需要理論是古往今來哲人墨客思考與研究的集大成,成為其發(fā)現(xiàn)唯物史觀的重要切入點,構(gòu)成了馬克思主義研究的重要篇章。本文在緒論中交待了論文研究目的與意義、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、論文研究方法和創(chuàng)新之處。全文一方面闡述了馬克思關(guān)于人的需要理論的來源、基本觀點,分析其內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)�？隙ㄈ说男枰拇嬖谑邱R克思歷史唯物主義的基本觀點,馬克思關(guān)于人的需要理論是承前人之智慧,批判地吸收了黑格爾、費爾巴哈以及空想社會主義思想家的理論精華,形成了馬克思歷史唯物史觀的人的需要理論。并著重馬克思個人需要理論的內(nèi)在邏輯體系。從需要的主體來看,是個別需要向社會需要的轉(zhuǎn)化;從滿足需要的客體來看,人的需要是物質(zhì)需要和精神需要的結(jié)合;從層次發(fā)展規(guī)律來看,呈現(xiàn)生存需要、享受需要向發(fā)展需要的遞進。另一方面,論文著重研讀了馬克思關(guān)于人的需要理論的內(nèi)涵意蘊。指出馬克思從現(xiàn)實的人出發(fā),提出人的需要是人的本性,是人的自然屬性、社會屬性、思維屬性共同作用的結(jié)果。接著,肯定了馬克思把人的需要的意識性與滿足需要的能動性相結(jié)合,人可以通過積極的勞動生產(chǎn)來獲取、創(chuàng)造所需的結(jié)論。最后,分析了馬克思把人的需要置于人類歷史發(fā)展的全過程,指出人的需要伴隨著人類社會發(fā)展的始終,是社會演進的拉力,需要與生產(chǎn)的矛盾運動生成人類社會發(fā)展史。特別重要的是,論文從理論與實際相結(jié)合的高度,強調(diào)用馬克思關(guān)于人的需要理論來指導當代中國社會和人的發(fā)展。研究和運用馬克思的人的需要理論,能為更好地解決需要與社會生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾提供理論指導;有利于破解人與自然相處的困境,實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展;有利于樹立正確的價值取向和正確的需要觀,引導人的健康全面發(fā)展�？傊�,開展馬克思人的需要理論的研究,迎合了馬克思主義基本理論研究的趨勢。這一論題研究與宣傳的深入,不僅豐富發(fā)展了馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想和中國特色社會主義理論體系,而且對當代中國經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展,將產(chǎn)生重大的推動力。
[Abstract]:Human needs, is a universal and eternal existence of the topic. Since the birth of human beings, human needs have also appeared. The maintenance of human life, the coexistence of man and nature, and the communication between human beings and society all convey all aspects of human needs, along with the development of human history. Marx's theory of human needs is a collection of philosophers' thinking and research from ancient to present. It has become an important entry point for the discovery of historical materialism and constitutes an important chapter in the study of Marxism. In the introduction, the purpose and significance of the research, the current research situation at home and abroad, the research methods and the innovation of the paper are described. On the one hand, this paper expounds the source and basic viewpoint of Marx's theory of human needs, and analyzes its internal structure. Affirming the existence of human needs is the basic viewpoint of Marx's historical materialism. Marx's theory of human needs is inherited from the wisdom of predecessors and critically absorbs the theoretical essence of Hegel, Feuerbach and utopian socialist thinkers. Formed Marx's historical materialism of human needs theory. And emphasizes the internal logic system of Marx's personal need theory. From the subject of need, it is the transformation of individual needs to social needs; from the object of satisfying needs, human needs are the combination of material needs and spiritual needs; from the law of hierarchy development, it presents the needs of existence. Enjoy the progress that needs to be made to the needs of development. On the other hand, the paper studies the connotation of Marx's theory of human needs. It is pointed out that Marx points out that human needs are human nature, which is the result of the joint action of human nature, social attribute and thinking attribute. Then, it affirms that Marx combined the consciousness of human needs with the initiative of satisfying the needs, and that people can obtain and create the necessary conclusions through active labor production. Finally, it analyzes the whole process of Marx's putting human needs in the development of human history, and points out that human needs are always accompanied by the development of human society and are the pulling force of social evolution, and the contradictory movement between needs and production produces the history of human social development. It is especially important that the paper emphasizes the use of Marx's theory of human needs to guide contemporary Chinese society and human development from the perspective of the combination of theory and practice. The study and application of Marx's theory of human needs can provide theoretical guidance for better solving the contradiction between needs and social production, help to solve the dilemma between man and nature, and realize the sustainable development of economy and society. It is beneficial to set up correct value orientation and correct view of need, and guide people's healthy and all-round development. In a word, the research of Marx's theory of human need caters to the trend of Marxist basic theory. The research and propaganda of this thesis not only enrich and develop Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong thought and socialist theory system with Chinese characteristics, but also produce great impetus to the development of contemporary Chinese economy and society.
【學位授予單位】：東華理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B038

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