發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-20 19:06

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 認(rèn)知靈活性 語(yǔ)義分類(lèi)靈活性 年齡差異　出處：《河北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：分類(lèi)作為人腦基本的認(rèn)知功能,對(duì)人類(lèi)的生活起到了非常重要的作用,作為一種重要的科學(xué)方法,可以使復(fù)雜的事物簡(jiǎn)單化,減少認(rèn)知負(fù)荷,提高效率。認(rèn)知靈活性是一種同時(shí)處理刺激多方面信息的能力,即同時(shí)保持兩個(gè)或多個(gè)規(guī)則,并在規(guī)則間靈活轉(zhuǎn)換的能力。而語(yǔ)義分類(lèi)靈活性(Semantic Categorical Flexibility)作為特殊領(lǐng)域的認(rèn)知靈活性,是指在特定的情境下,通過(guò)選擇目標(biāo)代表的相關(guān)的意義來(lái)進(jìn)行多重分類(lèi)的能力,是一種類(lèi)別靈活性,既包含反應(yīng)靈活性,也包含概念靈活性。分析語(yǔ)義分類(lèi)靈活性的發(fā)展性特征有助于為分類(lèi)學(xué)及認(rèn)知等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域提供理論與實(shí)證支持。根據(jù)研究目的,特選取不同年齡階段的個(gè)體參加實(shí)驗(yàn),通過(guò)比較年齡差異來(lái)全面了解語(yǔ)義分類(lèi)靈活性的發(fā)展性特征。本研究分為3個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),被試分別在兒童、青年和老年群體中隨機(jī)選取,男女比例適當(dāng),且3個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的被試均獨(dú)立。實(shí)驗(yàn)1采用圖片為語(yǔ)義分類(lèi)靈活性材料,分為“類(lèi)別-類(lèi)別-主題”和“主題-主題-類(lèi)別”兩種不同的分類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換形式,考察了不同年齡階段個(gè)體的差異。由于漢字和圖片加工通道及應(yīng)用范圍的不一致,實(shí)驗(yàn)2特采用漢字為分類(lèi)材料,流程與實(shí)驗(yàn)1平行,實(shí)驗(yàn)3將實(shí)驗(yàn)1和實(shí)驗(yàn)2中的語(yǔ)義因素去除掉,單純考察認(rèn)知控制因素對(duì)個(gè)體語(yǔ)義分類(lèi)靈活性的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果得出如下結(jié)論:(1)語(yǔ)義分類(lèi)靈活性存在年齡差異,青年人表現(xiàn)好于兒童和老年;(2)圖片語(yǔ)義分類(lèi)靈活性和字詞語(yǔ)義分類(lèi)靈活性存在差異,在面對(duì)語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí),字詞的轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程要比圖片困難;(3)語(yǔ)義,分類(lèi)的兩種形式“類(lèi)別-類(lèi)別-主題”和“主題-主題-類(lèi)別”存在差異,在主題分類(lèi)過(guò)程中介入類(lèi)別造成的干擾要比在類(lèi)別中加入主題因素更加大,個(gè)體更傾向于類(lèi)別分類(lèi),然而漢字的義符有助于被試進(jìn)行主題分類(lèi),因此類(lèi)別傾向性并沒(méi)有在漢字的轉(zhuǎn)換階段顯示;(4)8歲兒童的概念、保持和轉(zhuǎn)換能力都較差,9-10歲的兒童處于過(guò)渡時(shí)期,而11-12歲的兒童發(fā)展已經(jīng)基本完善;(5)不同個(gè)體語(yǔ)義分類(lèi)靈活性的差異同時(shí)受到了語(yǔ)義因素和認(rèn)知控制因素的影響。
[Abstract]:As a basic cognitive function of human brain, classification plays a very important role in human life. As an important scientific method, it can simplify complex things and reduce cognitive load. Improving efficiency. Cognitive flexibility is the ability to process multiple stimuli at the same time, i.e. to maintain two or more rules at the same time. And the ability of flexible transformation between rules, while semantic classification flexibility and semantic Categorical flexibility as a special field of cognitive flexibility. It refers to the ability of multi-classification by selecting the relevant meaning of target representation in a specific situation. It is a kind of category flexibility, which includes the flexibility of response. It also includes conceptual flexibility. Analyzing the developmental features of semantic classification flexibility is helpful to provide theoretical and empirical support for related fields such as taxonomy and cognition. Individuals of different ages were selected to study the developmental characteristics of semantic classification flexibility by comparing age differences. This study was divided into three experiments with children. The young and old population were randomly selected, the ratio of male and female was appropriate, and the subjects of the three experiments were independent. Experiment 1 used pictures as the flexible material of semantic classification. There are two different forms of classification conversion: category-category-subject "and" subject-subject-category ". Due to the different processing channels and application range of Chinese characters and pictures, Chinese characters were used as classification materials in experiment 2, and the flow chart was parallel to experiment 1. Experiment 3 removes the semantic factors from experiments 1 and 2. The experimental results show that there are age differences in semantic classification flexibility among young people than in children and old people. (2) there are differences between semantic classification flexibility of pictures and semantic classification of words. In the face of semantic transformation, the conversion process of words is more difficult than that of pictures; Semantic, the two forms of classification "category-category-subject" and "subject-subject-category" are different. In the process of topic classification, the interference caused by the intervention category is greater than that by adding topic factors into the category, and the individual is more inclined to classify the category. However, the sememe of Chinese characters helps the subjects to classify the topic. Therefore, the category orientation is not shown in the conversion stage of Chinese characters; The concept, maintenance and conversion ability of 8-year-old children are poor. Children aged 9-10 years are in transition period, while the development of children aged 11-12 years is basically perfect. 5) the differences of individual semantic classification flexibility are influenced by both semantic factors and cognitive control factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B842.1

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