本文關(guān)鍵詞：明清魯中仕宦望族與基層社會(huì)　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 明清 魯中 仕宦望族 基層社會(huì) 歷史定位

【摘要】：明清兩代,魯中地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了眾多的地方性乃至全國性的仕宦望族。他們大多科舉起家,重視家族的文化建設(shè)和后代的培養(yǎng),熱衷于國家建設(shè)和地方公益事業(yè)。學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于仕宦望族的研究,主要集中于某一歷史時(shí)期,或者對(duì)某一仕宦望族進(jìn)行個(gè)案分析,而對(duì)明清時(shí)期的魯中仕宦家族尤其是這些家族與基層社會(huì)之間的關(guān)系的研究則少之又少。本文旨在對(duì)明清時(shí)期魯中地區(qū)代表性的仕宦望族進(jìn)行梳理,分析其與基層社會(huì)之間的關(guān)系,進(jìn)而從仕宦望族的貢獻(xiàn)與文化遺產(chǎn)兩方面對(duì)其進(jìn)行歷史定位。全文共四個(gè)章節(jié):第一章,主要概述魯中地區(qū)的地理環(huán)境和人文風(fēng)貌。首先,對(duì)魯中地區(qū)自古至今的行政區(qū)劃進(jìn)行梳理,對(duì)其界限進(jìn)行具體界定。其次,結(jié)合魯中地區(qū)的縣志,對(duì)其山川、河湖、自然災(zāi)害情況進(jìn)行總結(jié),了解魯中地區(qū)獨(dú)特的自然情況。最后,對(duì)魯中地區(qū)自古至今的人文情況進(jìn)行梳理,了解仕宦望族誕生的文化背景。第二章,梳理明清魯中地區(qū)的仕宦望族。明清時(shí)期魯中地區(qū)生活著若干望族,如繁盛于明代的鄒平張延登家族、長(zhǎng)山徐以貞家族,跨越明清兩朝的新城王士禎家族、章丘焦馨家族、淄川畢自嚴(yán)家族、益都孫廷銓家族、博山趙進(jìn)美家族、臨朐馮琦家族、蒙陰公鼐家族,興之于清代的歷城朱宏祚家族、寧陽黃恩彤家族,等等。這些仕宦望族雖持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短不一、影響不同,但彼此之間聯(lián)系緊密,存在著通婚、交游、互助等情況。通婚上,仕宦望族講求門當(dāng)戶對(duì)、重視鄉(xiāng)土聯(lián)姻,并為加深兩個(gè)望族之間的聯(lián)系而保持世代通婚,進(jìn)而結(jié)成一個(gè)龐大的婚姻網(wǎng)絡(luò)。同時(shí)望族女性在望族發(fā)展中扮演著重要角色,因而在通婚時(shí)也會(huì)考慮到通婚雙方的素質(zhì)情況。交游上,一些仕宦望族在家訓(xùn)中對(duì)其進(jìn)行了規(guī)范,望族成員也往往因通婚、同鄉(xiāng)、同年、仕宦而交游,并通過游歷、結(jié)社等形式來增長(zhǎng)自己的文氣。互助上,既包括望族成員內(nèi)部的互助,也包括望族間的互助。望族之間由于是一個(gè)利益共同體,因而在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等方面的互助也是不可避免的。第三章,主要綜合分析了明清魯中仕宦望族與基層社會(huì)的關(guān)系。明清魯中仕宦望族與基層社會(huì)之間相互影響、相輔相成,仕宦望族成員利用自己的威望干預(yù)地方政權(quán),成為了地方政府眾多政策、事務(wù)的實(shí)際執(zhí)行者,在基層社會(huì)發(fā)揮了不可替代的作用。正是由于仕宦望族與國家政權(quán)之間聯(lián)系緊密,因而無論是在和平時(shí)期還是在戰(zhàn)亂狀態(tài)下,其價(jià)值選擇都會(huì)首先站在統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的立場(chǎng)之上,即便是面對(duì)明清易代亦是如此。仕宦望族產(chǎn)生于基層社會(huì),其成員都對(duì)自己的家鄉(xiāng)有著深厚的感情,家鄉(xiāng)的發(fā)展變化也與他們緊密相連。他們利用自身的優(yōu)勢(shì),積極地參與到地方的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、軍事、公益等各方面建設(shè),為地方社會(huì)的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。第四章,在前文梳理明清魯中仕宦望族與基層社會(huì)之間關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)仕宦望族進(jìn)行歷史定位。仕宦望族對(duì)基層社會(huì)有著突出的貢獻(xiàn),遺留下了包括家風(fēng)、家學(xué)等在內(nèi)的眾多文化遺產(chǎn)。但仕宦望族畢竟屬于封建統(tǒng)治階層,統(tǒng)治階級(jí)與被統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的矛盾不可調(diào)和,在對(duì)其進(jìn)行歷史定位時(shí)應(yīng)進(jìn)行充分考慮。綜上所述,明清魯中地區(qū)的仕宦望族數(shù)量龐大,其產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展深受魯中地區(qū)獨(dú)特自然與人文環(huán)境的影響。望族與基層社會(huì)之間的互動(dòng),總體上促進(jìn)了地方社會(huì)的發(fā)展,對(duì)于今天的中國新農(nóng)村建設(shè)和社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)建設(shè)具有重要的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:During the two dynasties, Shandong area appeared many families of local and national official. Most of them start with imperial examinations, attach great importance to the cultural construction of the family and the cultivation of their descendants, and are keen on the construction of the state and the cause of local public welfare. Study on the eunuch family at academic circles, mainly concentrated in a certain period of time, or looking for a family of eunuch case, while in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the official family especially the study of the relationship between these family and society is less and less. This paper aims to sort out family in Luzhong area in the Ming and Qing Dynasties representative official, to analyze the relationship between society and grassroots, and then from the two aspects of eunuch Wang contribution and cultural heritage of the historical position of the family. This paper consists of four chapters: the first chapter is mainly an overview of Shandong, the geographical environment and the humanities style. First of all, to sort out the administrative divisions in the area since ancient times, the boundaries are specifically defined. Secondly, combined with the Shandong area of the county, mountains, rivers and lakes, natural disasters are summarized, the unique natural conditions in understanding. Finally, to sort out the situation in the humanities since ancient times, understand the eunuch group at the birth of the cultural background. The second chapter combs the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the official family. A number of families living in areas such as the Ming and Qing Dynasties, flourished in the Ming Dynasty in Zouping Changshan Zhang Yandeng family, Xu Yizhen family, spanning two dynasties of Ming and Qing town, Zhangqiu Jiao Xin Wang Shizhen family family, Zichuan Yidu Bi Ziyan family, Sun Tingquan family, Zhao Jinmei family of Boshan, Linqu, Mengyin, the Feng Qi family GONGDING family, Xing Licheng in Qing Dynasty the Zhu Hongzuo family and the Huang Entong family of Ningyang, etc.. The eunuch Wang family although the length and duration of effect, but there are close connections between each other, mutual friends, intermarriage, etc.. Marriage, family stress Mendanghudui, pay attention to local official marriage, and to deepen ties between the two families keep generations of intermarriage, and formed a huge network of marriage. At the same time, families of women in the family development plays an important role in marriage will also consider the situation of the parties to marriage quality. Friends, some eunuch family in the family at the standard, often due to intermarriage, family members, the same year, officials and fellow friends, and through travel, and other forms of association to increase their knowledge. Mutual aid, including family members of internal cooperation, including cooperation between families. Because the family is a community of interests, and in the political, economic and cultural aspects of the cooperation is inevitable. The third chapter mainly analysis the relationship between the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the eunuch Wang family and society. Between the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the official family and grass-roots social interaction, complement each other, eunuch family members at their local government intervention by prestige, has become the actual implementation of local government policies, many affairs, played an irreplaceable role in the grass-roots society. It is because the relationship between family and state officials closely, so whether in peacetime or in the state of war, its value will be the first choice to stand on the position of the ruling class, even in the face of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is also true. The official family in rural society, its members have deep feelings for his hometown, the development and changes in the home is closely connected with them. They take advantage of their own advantages to actively participate in the construction of local politics, economy, culture, military affairs and public welfare, and have made important contributions to the development and progress of local society. The fourth chapter, based on the relationship between the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the official family above combing and grassroots society, the eunuch Wang family's position in history. Eunuch Wang family has a prominent contribution to society, has left many cultural relics including tradition, family, etc.. But the eunuch Wang family after all belongs to the feudal ruling class, the contradiction between the ruling class and the ruled class irreconcilable, in the historical position should be fully considered. To sum up, in the family area of the Ming and Qing Dynasties official huge number, its influence and development deeply in the unique natural and humanistic environment. The interaction between family and society, promote the overall development of local society, has important significance for today's Chinese new rural construction and the construction of socialist harmonious society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K248

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