【摘要】：近年來(lái),人們?cè)跍\水領(lǐng)域從事的海洋活動(dòng)日益增多,愈來(lái)愈關(guān)注和重視水聲通信技術(shù),對(duì)水聲通信的速率和性能提出了更高的要求。多輸入多輸出(Multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)技術(shù)可以利用淺水環(huán)境中不同收發(fā)陣元間水聲信道的空間弱相關(guān)性來(lái)取獲取豐富的空間自由度,因此可以提高水聲通信的速率和通信性能。時(shí)反技術(shù)(Time reversal,TR)計(jì)算復(fù)雜度低,并且其具有的良好的空時(shí)聚焦特性可以降低淺水信道的多途效應(yīng)所導(dǎo)致的碼間干擾(Inter-symbol interference,ISI)以及空間相關(guān)性所導(dǎo)致的同道干擾(Co-channel interference,CCI),因此可以使通信系統(tǒng)以較低的復(fù)雜度獲得良好的通信性能。按空時(shí)聚焦實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程的不同,TR技術(shù)分為主動(dòng)時(shí)反(Active time reversal,ATR)和被動(dòng)時(shí)反(Passive time reversal,PTR)。與ATR相比,PTR的實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程中探測(cè)信號(hào)與信息信號(hào)之間的時(shí)間間隔更短,更能保證估計(jì)的信道和實(shí)際傳輸信道的一致性,因此PTR更適用于實(shí)際的淺水環(huán)境。面對(duì)高速、高性能水聲通信的需求,對(duì)MIMO-PTR水聲通信技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究具有重要的理論和實(shí)際意義。本文基于MIMO-PTR水聲通信的研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì),并結(jié)合MIMO技術(shù)和PTR技術(shù)的特點(diǎn),重點(diǎn)對(duì)MIMO-PTR水聲通信中PTR處理后殘余的ISI和CCI抑制方法進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究。通過(guò)理論推導(dǎo)、仿真分析和試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證來(lái)證明所研究方法的有效性。論文主要圍繞以下幾個(gè)方面展開(kāi)研究。1、研究水聲通信中PTR的干擾抑制性能。PTR的空時(shí)聚焦性能可以壓縮水聲信道的多途效應(yīng),降低不同發(fā)射陣元所發(fā)射的信息信號(hào)對(duì)應(yīng)的傳輸信道的空間相關(guān)性,進(jìn)而達(dá)到降低ISI和CCI并且提高通信性能效果。PTR的干擾抑制性能直接決定了殘余的ISI和CCI多少,進(jìn)而決定了用于后處理的其他技術(shù)的復(fù)雜度�，F(xiàn)有的PTR水聲通信的研究主要分為兩個(gè)方面:單輸入多輸出(Single-input multiple-output,SIMO)PTR水聲通信和同時(shí)利用空間分集和空分復(fù)用的MIMO-PTR水聲通信。因此,基于PTR水聲通信的研究現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)PTR的干擾抑制性能進(jìn)行分析。首先通過(guò)理論推導(dǎo),得出衡量PTR的干擾抑制性能的技術(shù)指標(biāo)——信號(hào)干擾噪聲比的一般表達(dá)式,然后基于射線聲學(xué)理論和信道的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)建立了淺海信道模型,并以此為基礎(chǔ)分析了接收陣元數(shù)、發(fā)射陣元數(shù)以及符號(hào)信噪比等因素對(duì)PTR的干擾抑制性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,無(wú)論是在SIMO-PTR水聲通信還是同時(shí)利用空間分集和空分復(fù)用的MIMO-PTR水聲通信中,PTR處理后都會(huì)存在殘余的干擾。此時(shí),要進(jìn)一步提高通信性能,需要使用自適應(yīng)均衡以及自適應(yīng)干擾抵消等技術(shù)進(jìn)行后處理。2、研究基于時(shí)反空時(shí)分組編碼(Time-reversal space-time block coding,TR-STBC)的MIMO-PTR水聲通信方法。PTR水聲通信中,PTR的干擾抑制性能與空間分集增益有關(guān)。當(dāng)接收陣元數(shù)較少時(shí),現(xiàn)有的SIMO-PTR水聲通信方法僅通過(guò)接收分集,獲得的空間分集增益低,因此PTR的抑制性能較差并且PTR后處理的自適應(yīng)均衡的復(fù)雜度較高。為了利用發(fā)射分集進(jìn)一步提高PTR的干擾抑制性能,論文提出了基于TR-STBC的MIMO-PTR水聲通信方法。所提方法基于適用于頻率選擇性信道的2元發(fā)射的TR-STBC方案的原理以及適用于任何發(fā)射陣元的1/2碼率的STBC方案的原理,設(shè)計(jì)了適用于任何發(fā)射陣元的1/2碼率的TR-STBC方案,并將該TR-STBC方案與PTR相結(jié)合應(yīng)用于水聲通信中。論文分析了所提方法的原理,并對(duì)所提方法的有效性進(jìn)行了仿真分析和試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果表明,所提方法額外利用發(fā)射分集提高了 PTR的干擾抑制性能,因此與SIMO-PTR水聲通信方法相比,所提方法后處理所用的自適應(yīng)均衡的復(fù)雜度更低并且PTR處理后的性能更優(yōu)。3、研究連續(xù)ISI和CCI抵消的MIMO-PTR水聲通信方法同時(shí)利用空間分集和空分復(fù)用的MIMO-PTR水聲通信雖然可以通過(guò)PTR的空時(shí)聚焦有效地抑制水聲通信中的ISI和CCI,但是PTR處理后的信號(hào)中仍然存在殘余的ISI和CCI,這會(huì)影響通信的性能。為了以更低的運(yùn)算復(fù)雜度抑制PTR處理后殘余的ISI和CCI,基于連續(xù)干擾抵消(Successive interference cancellation,SIC)技術(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)原理和PTR處理后的組合信道響應(yīng)的特點(diǎn),提出了連續(xù)ISI和CCI抵消的MIMO-PTR水聲通信方法。首先分析了所提方法的原理,然后利用信道水池和吉林省松花湖試驗(yàn)獲得的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)所提方法在實(shí)際水下環(huán)境中的有效性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。理論分析和試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,所提方法可以有效抑制PTR處理后的殘余干擾,因此與未使用任何技術(shù)進(jìn)行后處理的MIMO-PTR水聲通信相比,所提方法的通信性能更優(yōu);與現(xiàn)有的基于SIC的MIMO-PTR水聲通信方法相比,在通信性能相近的情況下,所提方法的運(yùn)算復(fù)雜度更低。4、研究濾波多音(Filtered multitone,FMT)調(diào)制的MIMO-PTR水聲通信方法。當(dāng)通信帶寬較寬時(shí),同時(shí)利用空間分集和空分復(fù)用的MIMO-PTR水聲通信若使用單載波調(diào)制(Single-carrier,SC)技術(shù),則PTR處理后的殘余干擾影響的碼元范圍會(huì)比較大,這會(huì)導(dǎo)致PTR處理后的性能較差并且后處理所用的干擾抑制技術(shù)較為復(fù)雜。針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,基于FMT技術(shù)的特點(diǎn),提出了 FMT調(diào)制的MIMO-PTR水聲通信方法。所提方法利用FMT技術(shù)將通信頻帶劃分成頻帶較寬互不重疊的若干子載波,相鄰子載波間并不設(shè)置保護(hù)頻帶,并將信息碼元經(jīng)過(guò)串并轉(zhuǎn)換后調(diào)制到不同的子載波上進(jìn)行傳輸。闡述了所提方法的原理,并設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的試驗(yàn)對(duì)所提方法的有效性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。理論分析和試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,由于所提方法利用FMT技術(shù)降低了 PTR處理后殘余干擾影響的碼元范圍,因此與現(xiàn)有的SC調(diào)制的MIMO-PTR水聲通信方法相比,所提方法的信道估計(jì)、PTR處理以及干擾抑制的運(yùn)算復(fù)雜更低,并且通信性能更優(yōu)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more marine activities have been engaged in shallow water. More and more attention and attention are paid to underwater acoustic communication technology. The rate and performance of underwater acoustic communication are higher. The Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology can make use of the weak space of underwater acoustic channel in shallow water environment. Correlation is used to gain a rich spatial degree of freedom, so it can improve the rate and communication performance of underwater acoustic communication. Time reversal (TR) has low computational complexity, and its good space-time focusing characteristics can reduce Intercode interference (Inter-symbol interference, ISI) and space caused by the multipath effect of shallow water channels. Co-channel interference (CCI) resulting from the inter correlation, so the communication system can achieve good communication performance with a lower complexity. According to the different implementation process of the space-time focus, the TR technology is divided into active time inverse (Active time reversal, ATR) and the active time reversal (Passive time reversal, PTR). In the process, the time interval between the detection signal and the information signal is shorter, and it can ensure the consistency of the estimated channel and the actual transmission channel. Therefore, PTR is more suitable for the actual shallow water environment. In the face of high speed and high performance underwater acoustic communication, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study MIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communication technology. The current research status and development trend of MIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communication, combined with the characteristics of MIMO technology and PTR technology, focuses on the detailed study of the residual ISI and CCI suppression methods after PTR processing in MIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communication. The validity of the method is proved by theoretical deduction, simulation analysis and test verification. In the next few aspects, the study of.1 is carried out to study the interference suppression performance of PTR in underwater acoustic communication. The space-time focusing performance of.PTR can compress the multipath effect of the underwater acoustic channel, reduce the spatial correlation of the transmission channel corresponding to the information signals transmitted by different emitter elements, and then achieve the interference of reducing the ISI and CCI and improving the communication performance effect of.PTR. The suppression performance directly determines the residual ISI and CCI, and then determines the complexity of other technologies used for post-processing. The existing research on PTR underwater acoustic communication is divided into two aspects: single input and multiple output (Single-input multiple-output, SIMO) PTR underwater acoustic communication and MIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communication using spatial diversity and space division multiplexing simultaneously. Therefore, based on the research status of PTR underwater acoustic communication, the interference suppression performance of PTR is analyzed. First, through theoretical deduction, the technical index to measure the interference suppression performance of PTR, the general expression of the signal interference noise ratio, is obtained, and then the shallow sea channel model is established based on the ray acoustic theory and the geometric structure of the channel. This is based on the analysis of the influence of the number of receiving array elements, the number of emitter elements and the signal-to-noise ratio on the interference suppression performance of PTR. The results show that there will be residual interference after PTR processing, whether in SIMO-PTR underwater communication or at the same time using space diversity and space division multiplexing in MIMO-PTR underwater communication. High communication performance requires the use of adaptive equalization and adaptive interference cancellation for post-processing.2, and the study of MIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communications based on Time-reversal space-time block coding (TR-STBC) based on.PTR underwater communication.PTR underwater communication, the interference suppression performance of PTR is related to the spatial diversity gain. In less time, the existing SIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communication method is only by receiving diversity, the gain of spatial diversity is low, so the performance of PTR is poor and the complexity of adaptive equalization for PTR post-processing is high. In order to further improve the interference suppression performance of PTR by using transmit diversity, a MIMO-PTR underwater communication based on TR-STBC is proposed in this paper. Method. The proposed method is based on the principle of the 2 element TR-STBC scheme suitable for the frequency selective channel and the principle of the STBC scheme suitable for any emitter element 1/2 bit rate, and designs a TR-STBC scheme for the rate of 1/2 code for any emitter element, and combines the TR-STBC scheme with PTR in underwater acoustic communication. The principle of the proposed method is analyzed, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is simulated and tested. The results show that the proposed method uses the transmit diversity to improve the interference suppression performance of PTR. Therefore, compared with the SIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communication method, the proposed method has a lower complexity of adaptive equalization and PTR processing. The later performance is better.3, and the study of MIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communication based on continuous ISI and CCI, while using space diversity and space division multiplexing MIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communication, can effectively suppress ISI and CCI in underwater acoustic communication through the space time focusing of PTR, but the residual ISI and CCI still exist in the signal after PTR processing, which will affect the communication. In order to reduce the residual ISI and CCI after PTR processing with lower computational complexity, based on the design principle of continuous interference cancellation (Successive interference cancellation, SIC) technology and the characteristics of the combined channel response after PTR processing, a MIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communication method is proposed for continuous ISI and CCI cancellation. First, the proposed formula is analyzed. The principle of the method is then used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in the actual underwater environment by using the channel pool and the test data obtained from the Pine Lake test in Jilin province. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress the residual interference after the PTR treatment, so that the MIMO-P has not been treated with any technology. Compared with the TR underwater acoustic communication, the communication performance of the proposed method is better. Compared with the existing SIC based MIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communication method, the proposed method has a lower computational complexity under the similar communication performance, and the MIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communication method based on the Filtered multitone, FMT modulation is studied. When the communication bandwidth is wide, the method is also beneficial. If single carrier modulation (Single-carrier, SC) technology is used for MIMO-PTR underwater communication with space diversity and space division multiplexing, the bit range of residual interference after PTR processing will be larger. This will result in poor performance after PTR processing and the interference suppression techniques used in post-processing are more complex. Based on this problem, FMT technology is used. In this paper, a FMT modulated MIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communication method is proposed. The proposed method uses FMT technology to divide the communication band into several subcarriers with wide bandwidth and no overlap. The adjacent subcarriers do not set the protection band, and the information symbols are modulated to different subcarriers after the conversion. The proposed method is described. The theoretical analysis and test results show that, as the proposed method uses FMT technology to reduce the symbol range of the residual interference after PTR processing, the proposed method is compared with the existing SC modulation MIMO-PTR underwater acoustic communication method, the proposed method of channel estimation, PTR processing. As well as interference suppression, the computation complexity is lower, and the communication performance is better.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.3

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7 尹艷玲;水聲通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)多載波通信與跨層設(shè)計(jì)[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2016年

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10 王巍;MIMO-OFDM水聲通信關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2014年

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