本文關(guān)鍵詞：媒介生態(tài)學(xué)視角下的臺灣電視新聞同質(zhì)化現(xiàn)象研究　出處：《蘇州大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：蕞爾小島的臺灣約有2300萬的人口,卻有多達(dá)七家24小時全天候播出的電視新聞臺,堪稱是全世界電視新聞臺密度最高的國家。此一盛況源于1991年臺灣開放有線電視的設(shè)立許可,遂打破了長期以來黨政軍壟斷電視媒體及言論一言堂的局面,渠料數(shù)量多樣的電視新聞臺卻因?yàn)閻盒愿偁幍戎T多原因反而造成電視新聞內(nèi)容的同質(zhì)化,內(nèi)容多元化的期待落空,甚至引發(fā)社會大眾對電視新聞媒體的高度不滿,批評媒體是社會的亂源。日益嚴(yán)重的電視新聞同質(zhì)化趨向,使得臺灣受眾接收的是“非多元化”的信息,此一同質(zhì)化是一種偏向性的失實(shí),排擠公共信息的能見度,將不利于民主社會對多元聲音的基本需求,這種偏向是信息生態(tài)的失衡,勢將導(dǎo)致臺灣電視新聞媒介生態(tài)的失衡,進(jìn)一步地引發(fā)社會生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的失衡和危機(jī)。本論文主要借助媒介生態(tài)學(xué)相關(guān)理論,結(jié)合電視新聞產(chǎn)制生態(tài)現(xiàn)象,主要運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)分析法、參與觀察法與深度訪談法,對市場經(jīng)濟(jì)下的臺灣電視新聞同質(zhì)化進(jìn)行考察和分析,解讀電視新聞同質(zhì)化對信息生態(tài)、媒介生態(tài)及社會生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響。第一章針對媒介原生態(tài),也就是從“組織層次”探究新聞同質(zhì)化的關(guān)系,包括媒體生態(tài)位、媒介常規(guī)、市場導(dǎo)向等產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)面向,如何影響電視新聞同質(zhì)化。本研究的六家新聞臺都是市場導(dǎo)向的商業(yè)電視臺,在生態(tài)位的選定上,就已經(jīng)確立了商業(yè)利益至上的趨向,此一趨向?qū)б侣勁_競相產(chǎn)制感官主義式的新聞為主流,排擠公共議題信息的露出機(jī)會,導(dǎo)致公共輿論的社會效益被犧牲,且逐漸形成媒介的新常規(guī),久而久之,媒體組織從高層到底層的新聞工作者,皆耽溺在常規(guī)中而停滯,不但欠缺創(chuàng)新突破的企圖心,更無暇堅守應(yīng)有的社會責(zé)任第二章針對媒介內(nèi)生態(tài),從“職業(yè)層次”與新聞同質(zhì)化的研究,包括一窩蜂的產(chǎn)制行為、記者間的互動與媒體博奕、記者間的會稿機(jī)制等產(chǎn)制環(huán)境面向,如何影響電視新聞同質(zhì)化。一窩蜂的產(chǎn)制行為是新聞工作者的惰性使然,而一窩蜂產(chǎn)制行為存在于采訪、編輯到播報的流程中,同時,不同媒體的記者和記者間的人際互動需求、會稿機(jī)制,都導(dǎo)致了爛獨(dú)家充斥、無關(guān)緊要獨(dú)家新聞等無用信息,使得臺灣電視新聞毫無差異性的同質(zhì)化,另外,新聞工作者對于消息來源的過度依賴,進(jìn)而受制于消息來源,媒體監(jiān)視環(huán)境的能力式微。第三章針對媒介外生態(tài),從“制度層次”與新聞同質(zhì)化的研究,包括收視率導(dǎo)向、新傳播科技、異業(yè)媒體或第三方影音(tpv)等競爭市場與廣告面向,如何影響電視新聞同質(zhì)化。收視率做為電視新聞臺的產(chǎn)制指標(biāo),引領(lǐng)著新聞臺的市場導(dǎo)向與記者的產(chǎn)制行為,日新月異的新傳播科技不斷地影響產(chǎn)制行為、產(chǎn)制流程與常規(guī),異業(yè)媒體的競爭白熱化,更影響電視新聞內(nèi)容取向,導(dǎo)致電視新聞追逐經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的極大化,而大量產(chǎn)制污染的、偽劣的、表相的信息,使得真相性、知識性、重要性、思想性等信息匱乏,這是電視新聞臺對社會責(zé)任的棄守。第四章基于前三章的分析,臺灣電視媒介新聞同質(zhì)化的偏向,嚴(yán)重沖擊臺灣電視新聞的生態(tài)環(huán)境,且從原生態(tài)、內(nèi)生態(tài)、外生態(tài)都產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)變,使得臺灣電視新聞臺的信息失衡。從原生態(tài)就出現(xiàn)根源上的病征,使得在內(nèi)生態(tài)上也一并出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)制面的問題,加上外生態(tài)的競爭環(huán)境、廣告等因素對原生態(tài)與內(nèi)生態(tài)的影響,使得臺灣電視新聞產(chǎn)業(yè)出現(xiàn)全面性的生態(tài)失衡。第五章從電視新聞臺的信息失衡,以媒介生態(tài)平衡觀進(jìn)一步探究媒介生態(tài)的危機(jī),媒介做為社會公器和人民喉舌的角色,臺灣電視新聞臺不論在原生態(tài)、內(nèi)生態(tài)或外生態(tài)上出現(xiàn)任何生態(tài)失控或失衡,勢必對人類的生產(chǎn)和生活產(chǎn)生極大影響,對已經(jīng)形成的生態(tài)平衡關(guān)系造成破壞。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),臺灣電視新聞生態(tài)有三大危機(jī):(一)第四權(quán)力(thefourthestate)的退縮;(二)公共領(lǐng)域(publicsphere)的衰微;(三)電視新聞的弱智化。對于臺灣電視新聞臺所遭遇的生態(tài)危機(jī),本研究也基于媒介生態(tài)平衡觀,提出尋回生態(tài)平衡的出路與轉(zhuǎn)機(jī):(一)堅持平等—落實(shí)媒體“問責(zé)系統(tǒng)”機(jī)制的建構(gòu);(二)鼓勵創(chuàng)新—跳脫收視率箝制,挖掘新的生態(tài)位;(三)倡導(dǎo)綠色—深化媒體識讀教育與公民監(jiān)督媒體機(jī)制;(四)提倡多元—實(shí)行生態(tài)位分離策略規(guī)避惡性競爭。過去針對電視新聞同質(zhì)化的相關(guān)研究都是從單一層面切入,無法看到較為巨觀的電視新聞同質(zhì)化全貌,以及電視新聞同質(zhì)化所導(dǎo)致的生態(tài)危機(jī),本研究是第一個從臺灣電視新聞同質(zhì)化出發(fā),探究電視新聞同質(zhì)化所引發(fā)的信息生態(tài)失衡,以及信息生態(tài)失衡如何導(dǎo)致電視媒介生態(tài)的危機(jī),是理論與實(shí)踐交互驗(yàn)證的初探性研究,本研究從產(chǎn)制內(nèi)容與市場競爭等結(jié)構(gòu)面向進(jìn)行媒介多元研究,有助于媒體多元理論的建構(gòu),同時研究結(jié)果將有助于電視新聞產(chǎn)業(yè)界改善電視新聞同質(zhì)化的偏向,以及所引發(fā)的電視媒介生態(tài)危機(jī),對于健全臺灣電視媒介的生態(tài)環(huán)境略盡棉薄之力。
[Abstract]:About 23 million of the population of Taiwan is tiny, there are as many as seven television news broadcast 24 hours a day, which is the world television news station in the country with the highest density of this event. Permission to set up in Taiwan in 1991 to open source cable, then break the government monopoly situation of TV media and speech What I say goes. long-term since the quantity of various canal television news but because of vicious competition and other reasons resulting in TV news content homogenization, diversified expectations, and even lead to social public dissatisfaction over the television news media, media criticism is the social source of chaos. The growing trend of TV news homogenization, making the Taiwan audience the reception is "diversified" information, the homogeneity is a biased false exclusion of public information visibility, will not be conducive to a democratic society for multiple The basic demand of sound, this bias is the unbalance of information ecology, will lead to the imbalance of Taiwan TV news media ecology, further lead to social ecosystem imbalances and crisis. This thesis mainly through the media ecology theory, combined with the TV news production ecological phenomenon, mainly using literature analysis, participant observation and in-depth interview for, of market economy under the Taiwan TV news of the quality inspection and analysis, interpretation of the TV news homogenization of information ecology, ecological and social effects of media ecological system. The first chapter in the medium of the original ecosystem, also is from the organizational level of quality news, including the media niche, conventional media, facing the market oriented industrial structure, how to influence the TV news homogenization. On the six news stations are commercial television market oriented, in the niche selection Set, have been established on the trend of commercial interest, this trend guide with news to produce sensory style news as the mainstream, with opportunities of public issues of information out, leading to public social benefits to be sacrificed, and gradually formed a new routine, the media in the course of time, media organizations from the top in the end the journalists are caught up in routine and stagnation, not only the lack of innovation breakthrough ambitions, but no time to adhere to their social responsibility in the second chapter, media ecology, from the "occupation level" and the news homogenization of the research, including the production of acts like a swarm of bees, interaction and game between the media reporters, reporters the release mechanism of production oriented environment, how to influence the TV news homogenization. Like a swarm of bees production behavior is due to the inertia of journalists, and like a swarm of bees production activities exist in the interview and editing to broadcast The process, at the same time, the need for interaction of different media between journalists and reporters, will release mechanism, have led to the bad news exclusive exclusive is of no great importance of useless information, make no difference of Taiwan TV news homogenization, in addition, journalists over reliance on sources, and subject to the news sources the ability to monitor the environment, micro media. The third chapter in the media ecology research, from the "system level" and the news homogenization, including ratings oriented, new communication technology, different media or third party video (TPV) market competition and advertising for television news, how to influence the homogeneity. The ratings for TV news the production index, market orientation and press leading news production, new communication technology change rapidly constantly influence the production behavior, production process and conventional, in different media. For white hot, more influence of TV news content orientation, resulting in pursuit of economic benefits maximization of TV news, and mass production of pollution, shoddy, superficial information makes the truth, knowledge, importance, thinking of the lack of information, this is a television news agency will responsible for abandoning the fourth. Based on the analysis of the first three chapters, Taiwan TV media news homogenization tendency, serious ecological environmental impact of Taiwan TV news, and from the original ecology, ecological, ecological has produced a qualitative change, the Taiwan TV news station information imbalance. Appeared on the root of the symptom from the original ecology, ecology, the also have production problems, coupled with the ecological environment of competition, advertising and other factors on the original ecology and ecological, the Taiwan TV news industry comprehensive ecological imbalance. The fifth chapter from the TV news station information loss Heng, to further explore the media ecological crisis in the media ecological balance, social justice and media as the mouthpiece of the role of Taiwan TV news station in the original ecological, ecological or ecological control or any ecological imbalance, is bound to have a great influence on the human life and production, destruction of ecological. Balance has been formed the study found that Taiwan TV news has three major ecological crisis: (a) fourth power (thefourthestate) of the back; (two) the decline of public sphere (Publicsphere); (three) TV news. The retarded the ecological crisis of Taiwan TV news station encountered, this study also based on the balance of media ecology view, and put forward the way and turn back the ecological balance: (a) to implement the "construction to adhere to the principle of equality - media accountability system" mechanism; (two) encourage innovation to jump off the ratings clamped, mining new niches; (three) advocate green - deepen the media literacy education and citizen media supervision mechanism; (four) advocating the multi - Implementation of niche separation strategy to avoid vicious competition. The related research in the past for the TV news homogenization is starting from a single level, unable to see more macroscopic picture of TV news, TV news homogenization, homogenization due to the ecological crisis, this is the first study starting from the Taiwan TV news homogenization, explore the information ecological imbalance caused by TV news homogenization, and information ecological imbalance leads to the media ecological crisis, is a preliminary study on the theory and practice of cross validation, this study from the production of content and market competition the structure of multi media oriented research, helps to build the theory of media pluralism, at the same time, the research results will help to improve the TV news TV news industry homogenization The bias, as well as the ecological crisis caused by the television media, will do a little bit more to improve the ecological environment of the Taiwan TV media.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G220.7
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本文編號：1403655