經(jīng)合組織高等教育政策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-07 15:33
【摘要】：人性的升華、社會的凈化,都有賴于無私、利他的品德。教育,尤其高等教育作為文明傳承、知識傳授的重要系統(tǒng),天然地承擔(dān)著這種凈化的使命。在全球化大背景下,國際組織的教育政策及理念已經(jīng)對各國教育產(chǎn)生了廣泛而深刻的影響。其中,經(jīng)合組織(OECD)在高等教育政策領(lǐng)域更是具備了 "無可爭議的品牌識別",相關(guān)研究尚且有限。它的"軟權(quán)力"與布爾迪厄所稱的"符號權(quán)力"頗為相似。本研究對經(jīng)合組織教育工作發(fā)展歷程、高等教育政策的緣起、政策生成過程、政策文本特征及其對各國高等教育領(lǐng)域的影響作了剖析,并從符號權(quán)力的視角分析了其高等教育政策生成與發(fā)揮影響的作用機(jī)制。主要研究結(jié)論如下:自組織成立至今,教育工作經(jīng)歷了萌芽期對教育與經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)聯(lián)的求證、初創(chuàng)期的地位認(rèn)可、發(fā)展期的重新定位,業(yè)已進(jìn)入成熟期,逐漸成為組織的核心事務(wù)之一。高等教育領(lǐng)域的工作,雖然起步稍晚,但也從對高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)管理的關(guān)注,不斷拓展、深化,發(fā)展到對質(zhì)量保障、大學(xué)功能、學(xué)習(xí)成果等各個領(lǐng)域的重視。以項(xiàng)目為依托,涌現(xiàn)出了大量的高等教育出版物(政策文本),承載著經(jīng)合組織的理念,傳播到各國。教育政策評議項(xiàng)目(高等教育部分)和國際高等教育學(xué)習(xí)成果評估(AHELO)可行性研究項(xiàng)目,作為經(jīng)合組織高等教育領(lǐng)域工作的范例,其運(yùn)行過程較好地展現(xiàn)了項(xiàng)目式運(yùn)作的優(yōu)勢,同時也完整地詮釋了經(jīng)合組織高等教育政策生成中的符號權(quán)力:符號權(quán)力以應(yīng)需而生為現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ);符號結(jié)構(gòu)的形成中倚重知識分子(專家)的獨(dú)立性;高效、務(wù)實(shí)的工作風(fēng)格是為符號權(quán)力的主體結(jié)構(gòu)。通過運(yùn)用MAXQDA軟件對經(jīng)合組織23個高等教育政策文本進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)這些文本在語氣、內(nèi)容與價值取向上體現(xiàn)出相似的特征:在高等教育發(fā)展上強(qiáng)調(diào)"質(zhì)量為本",對高等教育功能的定位具有經(jīng)濟(jì)化傾向;注重營造危機(jī)感與競爭、革新的氛圍,語氣表述多委婉、縝密而客觀;通過對術(shù)語的界定與不斷重復(fù),以及評價權(quán)力的使用來強(qiáng)化組織權(quán)威。這些特征,凸顯了經(jīng)合組織政策文本的重要性、客觀性或是權(quán)威性,有助于增強(qiáng)其文本內(nèi)容、觀念乃至相關(guān)術(shù)語的傳播。以英國、愛爾蘭、美國和中國為案例,各國的媒體報道、學(xué)術(shù)研究、政策文本與實(shí)踐中,均可尋覓到經(jīng)合組織高等教育政策影響的蹤跡。英國《泰晤士報高等教育副刊》的若干報道中或稱揚(yáng)或貶損的態(tài)度,有形無形中彰顯著經(jīng)合組織的影響;愛爾蘭高等教育評議項(xiàng)目更是在很大程度上建構(gòu)了它當(dāng)今的高等教育體系。美國由于與經(jīng)合組織的獨(dú)特淵源,一方面對經(jīng)合組織高等教育政策發(fā)揮著影響,另一方面也可以從媒體報道、政策報告中見到經(jīng)合組織帶給它的印記。作為非成員國,中國也在逐步引入經(jīng)合組織高等教育出版物、研究其高等教育政策及項(xiàng)目、積極參與它的高等教育項(xiàng)目,并在高等教育政策制定中表現(xiàn)出采納相關(guān)建議及采用有關(guān)術(shù)語的種種端倪。從符號權(quán)力的視角分析,經(jīng)合組織在高等教育政策領(lǐng)域的符號資本來自經(jīng)濟(jì)資本,由此帶來的影響可謂利弊并存;承載著組織符號結(jié)構(gòu)的高等教育政策文本是借助文化資本生成、籍由社會資本傳播的;這種結(jié)構(gòu)再生產(chǎn)的過程是組織有意引導(dǎo)、各國選擇,再加上歷史趨勢推動三者共同作用的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:The sublimation of human nature and the purification of society all depend on selflessness and altruism. Education, especially higher education, as an important system of civilization and knowledge transmission, naturally undertakes the mission of purification. Under the background of globalization, the educational policies and concepts of international organizations have exerted extensive and profound influence on education in various countries. In the field of higher education policy, OECD has the indisputable brand recognition, and the relevant research is still limited. Its "soft power" is quite similar to Bourdieu's "symbolic power". The main conclusions are as follows: since the founding of self-organization, education has gone through the budding period to verify the relationship between education and economy, the status recognition in the initial period, and the development period. The work in the field of higher education, although started a little late, has been developing from the concern of the management of institutions of higher education to the emphasis on quality assurance, University functions, learning outcomes and other fields. A large number of Higher Education publications (policy texts) carry the OECD concept and spread to all countries. The Feasibility Study Project of Educational Policy Review (Higher Education Section) and International Assessment of Higher Education Learning Achievements (AHELO), as examples of work in the field of higher education in the OECD, has well demonstrated the project-based operation process. At the same time, it fully explains the symbolic power in the formation of OECD higher education policy: symbolic power is based on the need; the formation of symbolic structure relies on the independence of intellectuals (experts); efficient and pragmatic working style is the main structure of symbolic power. Through the analysis of 23 higher education policy texts, it is found that these texts have similar features in tone, content and value orientation: emphasizing "quality-oriented" in the development of higher education, and economic orientation in the orientation of higher education function; paying attention to creating a sense of crisis and competition, innovative atmosphere, multi-euphemistic and meticulous tone of expression. These characteristics highlight the importance, objectivity or authority of the OECD policy text and help to enhance the dissemination of its text content, concepts and even related terms. The impact of the OECD's higher education policy can be traced in academic research, policy texts and practice. The OECD's influence is visibly and invisibly evident in some reports in the British Times Higher Education Supplement, which praised or belittled the OECD's influence, and to a great extent in the Irish Higher Education Review Project. As a non-member country, China is also gradually introducing OECD higher education. Educational publications study its higher education policies and programs, actively participate in its higher education programs, and show signs of adopting relevant proposals and terminology in the formulation of higher education policies. The influence of the latter can be described as both advantages and disadvantages; the higher education policy text bearing the organizational symbol structure is generated by cultural capital and disseminated by social capital; the process of this structural reproduction is the result of the joint action of the organization's intentional guidance, the choice of countries and the historical trend.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G649.2
[Abstract]:The sublimation of human nature and the purification of society all depend on selflessness and altruism. Education, especially higher education, as an important system of civilization and knowledge transmission, naturally undertakes the mission of purification. Under the background of globalization, the educational policies and concepts of international organizations have exerted extensive and profound influence on education in various countries. In the field of higher education policy, OECD has the indisputable brand recognition, and the relevant research is still limited. Its "soft power" is quite similar to Bourdieu's "symbolic power". The main conclusions are as follows: since the founding of self-organization, education has gone through the budding period to verify the relationship between education and economy, the status recognition in the initial period, and the development period. The work in the field of higher education, although started a little late, has been developing from the concern of the management of institutions of higher education to the emphasis on quality assurance, University functions, learning outcomes and other fields. A large number of Higher Education publications (policy texts) carry the OECD concept and spread to all countries. The Feasibility Study Project of Educational Policy Review (Higher Education Section) and International Assessment of Higher Education Learning Achievements (AHELO), as examples of work in the field of higher education in the OECD, has well demonstrated the project-based operation process. At the same time, it fully explains the symbolic power in the formation of OECD higher education policy: symbolic power is based on the need; the formation of symbolic structure relies on the independence of intellectuals (experts); efficient and pragmatic working style is the main structure of symbolic power. Through the analysis of 23 higher education policy texts, it is found that these texts have similar features in tone, content and value orientation: emphasizing "quality-oriented" in the development of higher education, and economic orientation in the orientation of higher education function; paying attention to creating a sense of crisis and competition, innovative atmosphere, multi-euphemistic and meticulous tone of expression. These characteristics highlight the importance, objectivity or authority of the OECD policy text and help to enhance the dissemination of its text content, concepts and even related terms. The impact of the OECD's higher education policy can be traced in academic research, policy texts and practice. The OECD's influence is visibly and invisibly evident in some reports in the British Times Higher Education Supplement, which praised or belittled the OECD's influence, and to a great extent in the Irish Higher Education Review Project. As a non-member country, China is also gradually introducing OECD higher education. Educational publications study its higher education policies and programs, actively participate in its higher education programs, and show signs of adopting relevant proposals and terminology in the formulation of higher education policies. The influence of the latter can be described as both advantages and disadvantages; the higher education policy text bearing the organizational symbol structure is generated by cultural capital and disseminated by social capital; the process of this structural reproduction is the result of the joint action of the organization's intentional guidance, the choice of countries and the historical trend.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G649.2
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