本文選題：教育獲得 + 兄弟姐妹結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：家庭之間和家庭內(nèi)部的教育不平等機(jī)制一直是社會(huì)分層領(lǐng)域研究的重要議題。在外部教育環(huán)境中,個(gè)體的教育獲得受到家庭背景和家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的雙重影響。在中國(guó)步入社會(huì)主義發(fā)展時(shí)期以后,一系列的社會(huì)政治運(yùn)動(dòng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)變革對(duì)家庭和個(gè)體的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)帶來(lái)了翻天覆地的變化：社會(huì)階層結(jié)構(gòu)從政治身份的二元階級(jí)對(duì)立逐漸分化為以職業(yè)分化為基礎(chǔ)的多元化階層共存的格局；教育機(jī)會(huì)經(jīng)歷了初期的快速增長(zhǎng)、文革期間的斷裂和改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)的教育恢復(fù)和擴(kuò)張等幾個(gè)階段的發(fā)展；家庭結(jié)構(gòu)在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和國(guó)家生育政策調(diào)整的雙重作用下日趨核心化和小型化。在社會(huì)整體變遷的背景下,家庭和個(gè)體的生活機(jī)遇經(jīng)歷了不同歷史時(shí)期的演變,家庭背景和家庭結(jié)構(gòu)等個(gè)體教育獲得的作用機(jī)制也受到歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程的形塑。因此,對(duì)教育獲得的研究必須置入具體的時(shí)代背景之中。本研究旨在回答以下問(wèn)題：兄弟姐妹作為關(guān)系緊密的小團(tuán)體,不同家庭的兄弟姐妹組之間是否存在教育獲得的差異?這些差異是由哪些原因引發(fā)的?兄弟姐妹組內(nèi)部是否存在教育獲得的差異?這些差異又是受到哪些因素的作用?在兄弟姐妹之間存在哪些教育獲得方面的相互影響?這些影響因素的作用機(jī)制是什么?在社會(huì)歷時(shí)性變遷的背景下,以上這些教育獲得的影響機(jī)制經(jīng)歷了哪些演進(jìn)過(guò)程?本研究采用中國(guó)家庭追蹤調(diào)查(CFPS) 2010年初訪數(shù)據(jù),依據(jù)年齡將兄弟姐妹劃分為不同的出生同期群,從兄弟姐妹組間的教育不平等、兄弟姐妹組內(nèi)的教育不平等和兄弟姐妹的相互影響三個(gè)維度對(duì)兄弟姐妹的教育獲得展開(kāi)分析,重點(diǎn)討論來(lái)自家庭內(nèi)部的教育獲得影響機(jī)制,嘗試對(duì)這些問(wèn)題做出回答。首先,兄弟姐妹組間的教育不平等受到家庭背景和家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。家庭背景中父母的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位、受教育水平和黨員的政治身份都對(duì)子女的教育獲得產(chǎn)生一定影響,但是這些家庭背景因素對(duì)子女教育獲得的作用在不同時(shí)期并不相同：家庭社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位在1969年以前出生的群體中對(duì)教育獲得的影響較小,在1970年以后出生的群體中,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的作用有所加強(qiáng)；父母的受教育水平在各個(gè)時(shí)期都對(duì)子女的教育獲得產(chǎn)生顯著影響,其中,母親的教育水平的影響力在各個(gè)時(shí)期保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,父親教育水平的影響力在1970年以后出生的群體中有加強(qiáng)的趨勢(shì),父親在子女撫養(yǎng)過(guò)程中的重要性有所上升；父母的黨員身份在建國(guó)初期對(duì)子女的教育獲得表現(xiàn)出顯著影響,但在1970年以后出生的群體中,這種作用逐漸消減并最終不再有顯著作用。經(jīng)濟(jì)分層接力政治分層成為家庭之間教育不平等的重要作用機(jī)制。家庭結(jié)構(gòu)中,母親在子女成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中與其共同居住在各個(gè)時(shí)期都對(duì)子女的教育獲得產(chǎn)生積極影響,而父親與子女居住在一起的時(shí)間并沒(méi)有對(duì)子女的教育產(chǎn)生顯著影響。其次,兄弟姐妹組內(nèi)的教育不平等受到來(lái)自家庭外部教育環(huán)境、父母資源、兄弟姐妹數(shù)量和結(jié)構(gòu)三個(gè)維度的影響。優(yōu)勢(shì)的外部教育環(huán)境和父母擁有較多的資源都有助于降低家庭內(nèi)部的教育不平等；兄弟姐妹數(shù)量既對(duì)家庭中子女的整體教育獲得水平產(chǎn)生影響,也對(duì)個(gè)體的教育獲得產(chǎn)生作用。兄弟姐妹數(shù)量的增加同時(shí)擴(kuò)大了家庭外部和家庭內(nèi)部的教育不平等,并且兄弟姐妹數(shù)量對(duì)教育不平等的貢獻(xiàn)率隨著時(shí)間表現(xiàn)出不斷上升趨勢(shì)。兄弟姐妹結(jié)構(gòu)的影響機(jī)制中,兄弟姐妹之間較小的出生間隔相比較大的出生間隔產(chǎn)生了更多不利影響,并且出生間隔較小的兄弟姐妹數(shù)量的負(fù)效應(yīng)隨時(shí)間有所提高；出生順序與教育獲得總體并不存在顯著性關(guān)聯(lián),但是在不同時(shí)期中的出生順序效應(yīng)存在顯著差異。與1950-1959年的出生同期群相比,在1960年以后出生的群體中出生順序表現(xiàn)出與教育獲得的負(fù)相關(guān)；兄弟數(shù)量和姐妹數(shù)量對(duì)個(gè)體教育獲得的作用也不相同,對(duì)個(gè)體而言,兄弟數(shù)量的增加比姐妹數(shù)量的增加產(chǎn)生了更多不利影響。與1950-1959年的出生同期群相比,兄弟數(shù)量的負(fù)效應(yīng)隨時(shí)間加強(qiáng)。同時(shí),姐妹數(shù)量的正向作用隨時(shí)間下降,女性教育地位在家庭內(nèi)部有所上升；兄弟姐妹之間的血緣關(guān)系在各個(gè)時(shí)期都沒(méi)有對(duì)個(gè)體的教育獲得產(chǎn)生顯著影響。最后,在兄弟姐妹之間存在長(zhǎng)子女流向其它兄弟姐妹的資源傳遞。長(zhǎng)子女的受教育水平對(duì)弟弟妹妹的教育獲得產(chǎn)生積極影響,并且這種影響力在各個(gè)時(shí)期都保持了相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的態(tài)勢(shì)。長(zhǎng)子女對(duì)弟弟妹妹教育資源的傳遞效率高于父母的代際文化資本傳遞。弟弟妹妹數(shù)量的增加降低了長(zhǎng)女的教育水平,卻沒(méi)有對(duì)長(zhǎng)子的教育產(chǎn)生顯著影響。對(duì)長(zhǎng)女而言,教育獲得的提高是建立在兄弟姐妹規(guī)模小型化的基礎(chǔ)之上的。在長(zhǎng)女和弟弟妹妹之間存在經(jīng)濟(jì)資源的傳遞,但是這種經(jīng)濟(jì)資源的傳遞是以長(zhǎng)女和弟弟妹妹之間較大的出生間隔為條件的。本研究以家庭為核心對(duì)教育不平等機(jī)制進(jìn)行了分析,對(duì)兄弟姐妹教育獲得的影響機(jī)制在社會(huì)變遷歷程中的演進(jìn)展開(kāi)探討,豐富了已有研究成果。將家庭內(nèi)的所有兄弟姐妹信息納入分析框架不僅有助于厘清家庭內(nèi)部教育不平等的作用機(jī)制,還彌補(bǔ)了國(guó)內(nèi)在這個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域的不足,為推進(jìn)家庭之間和家庭內(nèi)部的教育機(jī)會(huì)均等化提供學(xué)理依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In the external education environment , individual education has been influenced by family background and family structure . After entering the period of socialist development , a series of social and political movements and economic changes have brought great changes to family and individual development opportunities .
The educational opportunity has experienced the rapid growth of the initial period , the fracture during the Cultural Revolution and the development of the education recovery and expansion since the reform and opening up .
The research aims to answer the following questions : What are the differences between siblings and siblings in different historical periods , family background , family structure and so on .
The educational level of the parents has a significant impact on the education of the children at all times , among which the influence of the educational level of the mother keeps relatively stable at all times , and the influence of the educational level of the father has been strengthened in the group born after 1970 , and the importance of the father in the upbringing of the child is increased ;
In the family structure , mother has a positive influence on the education of children in the process of children ' s growth , and the time for children to live together does not have a significant impact on the education of children . Secondly , the unequal education in the brothers and sisters is influenced by the external educational environment of the family , parents ' resources , the number of siblings and the structure of the structure .
The number of brothers and sisters has an impact on the overall educational attainment level of children in the family , and also has a role in the education of the individual . The increase of the number of brothers and sisters increases the inequality of education in both the outside and the family of the family , and the contribution rate of the brothers and sisters to the inequality of education increases with time . In the influence mechanism of the structure of the siblings , the smaller birth spacing between the siblings produces more adverse effects , and the negative effect of the number of siblings with a smaller birth interval increases with time ;
There was no significant correlation between birth order and education , but there was a significant difference in birth order effect in different periods . Compared with the birth cohort of 1950 - 1959 , the birth order of the group born after 1960 showed a negative correlation with education ;
The number of brothers and the number of sisters did not have the same effect on individual education . For individuals , the increase in the number of brothers had more adverse effects than the number of sisters . The negative effects of the number of brothers increased with time as compared with the same period of birth in 1950 - 1959 . At the same time , the positive effects of the number of sisters decreased with time , and the status of female education increased within the family ;
The relationship between the brothers and sisters has no significant influence on the individual ' s education . At last , there is a positive influence on the education of the younger brothers and sisters .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：C91;G521
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本文編號(hào)：1909455