發(fā)布時間：2018-04-27 03:21

  本文選題：專項體能 + 速度滑冰�。� 參考：《東北師范大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：速度滑冰短距離項目具有自身獨特的項目特點和專項體能訓練特征,專項體能訓練已經(jīng)成為速滑短距離項目運動員運動訓練的核心內(nèi)容。韓國作為速度滑冰項目的強國,特別是在短距離項目上,培養(yǎng)出一批批世界級優(yōu)秀運動員,形成了其獨特、科學、先進的訓練理論與方法。中韓兩國速度滑冰短距離項目專項體能訓練具備相似性、同一性和可比性,通過全面比較旨在總結兩國各自專項體能訓練的經(jīng)驗,探尋特征與差異,分析優(yōu)點與不足,借鑒韓國先進的速滑短距離專項體能訓練理論與方法,完善與提升我國在該項目上專項體能訓練理論與方法體系。對于提高我國冰雪運動整體水平、盡早實現(xiàn)冰雪運動強國、備戰(zhàn)北京2022年冬奧會、提升大國影響力具有重要的理論意義和實踐價值。本研究以中韓兩國速度滑冰短距離項目專項體能訓練相關問題為研究對象,分別選取兩國2010—2014冬奧會周期、2014-2016亞冬會周期的若干名現(xiàn)役國家隊運動員為調(diào)查對象。通過文獻資料法和專家訪談法收集整理分析相關文獻200余篇,統(tǒng)計整理中韓兩國教練員訓練計劃1000余份,時間跨度6年;訪談中韓兩國相關理論專家和一線教練員20余人。通過比較研究方法將專項體能訓練理念、目標、內(nèi)容、方法、負荷、周期以及監(jiān)控與恢復作為可比性標準和并置性內(nèi)容,通過設置比較假設和證實假設,全面比較兩國專項體能訓練的相似性和差異性,得到以下研究結論:1、在速度滑冰短距離項目專項體能訓練中韓國的訓練理念更具多元化和職業(yè)化,中國的訓練理念突出針對性和計劃性;韓國教練員的訓練理念穩(wěn)定性強、層次性多、互補性強、可變性弱;中國教練員的訓練理念穩(wěn)定性弱、層次性少、互補性弱、可變性強。兩國速度滑冰短距離項目專項體能訓練目標本質(zhì)相同,中國訓練目標相對韓國更精細項目化;中國的訓練目標以冬奧會為總體目標,韓國的訓練目標以年度競賽為總體目標;中國的訓練目標制定以周期訓練理論為主要依據(jù),韓國的訓練目標制定以板塊周期訓練理論為依據(jù)。2、中國專項體能訓練周期以4年奧運周期為根本,突出奧運全周期訓練的連續(xù)性,韓國專項體能訓練周期以年度周期為主,突顯年度訓練的波動性;中國運動員全年訓練負荷總量平均高于韓國運動員20%以上,韓國運動員專項體能訓練負荷量平均低于中國運動員15%、專項負荷強度平均高于中國運動員10%;韓國運動員專項體能監(jiān)控與恢復依托專業(yè)實驗室以及運動員主動性自我管理與安排,中國運動員由運動隊和教練員統(tǒng)一管理與安排,運動員自身相對被動。3、中國速滑短距離項目專項體能訓練內(nèi)容主要集中在專項滑行體能訓練內(nèi)容,訓練內(nèi)容以冰上訓練為主,韓國專項體能訓練內(nèi)容是綜合性和豐富性的,訓練內(nèi)容涵蓋陸地、冰上、器械等多種設計。韓國專項體能訓練方法比較豐富、綜合性強、基礎性強,訓練方法劃分為5大類12個具體項目,訓練方法形成了系統(tǒng)的連貫性和傳承性;中國專項體能訓練方法相對單一,沒有形成自下而上的系統(tǒng)的方法體系,呈現(xiàn)的是教練員之間的不兼容性。4、韓國速度滑冰短距離項目專項體能訓練的特征在于訓練目標的項目兼容性以及訓練負荷強度的集中性,其優(yōu)勢在于訓練內(nèi)容與方法豐富性和系統(tǒng)性,特別是訓練方法形成了自下而上的系統(tǒng)體系,不足在于訓練缺乏整體控制與管理;中國專項體能訓練的特征是堅持奧運會大周期訓練模式,優(yōu)勢在于運動員集體訓練控制與管理,不足在于訓練內(nèi)容與方法上過于單一,沒有相對統(tǒng)一的系統(tǒng)體系。5、韓國速度滑冰短距離項目專項體能訓練理論與方法已經(jīng)趨于成熟體系,是經(jīng)過成功實踐驗證過的訓練理論與方法,其值得我國借鑒的地方在于訓練內(nèi)容與方法的體系化、訓練負荷的集中化。當然我國專項體能訓練也存在優(yōu)點與不足,還沒有形成比較科學的成熟體系。融合兩國的專項體能訓練的優(yōu)勢與不足,就可以形成具有亞洲特色的專項體能訓練理論與方法體系,引導亞洲未來速度滑冰訓練的先進理論。6、中韓兩國速度滑冰短距離項目專項體能訓練存在的顯著差異性,表明兩國在專項體能訓練的各自特點和不同,比較性研究能夠給予兩國在專項體能訓練的未來發(fā)展以啟示作用。啟示我國在未來速度滑冰專項體能訓練中,要注重動作效果,功能性技術必將成為訓練核心;更強調(diào)注重核心力量,核心區(qū)力量訓練必將成為訓練的創(chuàng)新領域;依據(jù)各國實際情況注重訓練模式的構建,有氧與無氧訓練必將融合貫通訓練始終;在短距離項目上注重訓練效果,高強度訓練必將成為未來訓練的動向。
[Abstract]:The speed skating short distance project has its own unique project characteristics and special physical training features, and special physical training has become the core content of sports training for short distance speed skating athletes. As a powerful country of speed skating project, especially on short distance projects, the South Korea has developed a batch of world-class elite athletes. It is unique, scientific and advanced training theory and method. The special physical training of speed skating short distance project between China and Korea has the similarity, identity and comparability. Through a comprehensive comparison, it aims to sum up the special physical training experience of the two countries, explore the characteristics and differences, analyze the advantages and disadvantages, and draw lessons from the advanced speed skating short distance in Korea. The theory and method of physical fitness training to improve and improve our country's special physical training theory and method system on this project. It is of great theoretical and practical value for improving the overall level of the ice and snow movement in China, realizing the strong power of ice and snow sports as soon as possible, preparing for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing and promoting the influence of the great powers. The related problems of the special physical training of the short distance skating project are studied. Some active national team athletes of the 2010 to 2014 Winter Olympic cycle and the 2014-2016 Asian Winter Conference cycle are selected respectively as the investigation object. More than 200 articles are collected and analyzed through the literature method and expert interview method. There are more than 1000 training programs, time span of 6 years, interviews with relevant theoretical experts and more than 20 front-line coaches of China and Korea. Through comparative research methods, specific physical fitness training concepts, objectives, contents, methods, load, cycle, monitoring and recovery are used as comparability standards and juxtaposition content. Comparing the similarities and differences of special physical fitness training between the two countries, the following conclusions are obtained: 1, in the special physical training of the speed skating short distance project, the Korean training idea is more diversified and professional, the training idea of China is more targeted and planned; the training idea of Korean training staff is strong, more hierarchical and complementary. Strong and weak variability; Chinese coaches' training concept is weak, low level, weak complementarity and strong variability. The target of special physical training is the same in the two countries' speed skating short distance project, and the Chinese training target is more meticulous than South Korea; China's training target is the Winter Olympic Games as the overall goal, and the Korean training target is the year. The competition is the overall goal; the training target in China is based on the cycle training theory, and the training target of Korea is based on the plate cycle training theory based on.2, and the Chinese special physical training cycle is based on the 4 year Olympic cycle, and the continuity of the full cycle training of the Olympic Games is highlighted. The Korean special physical training cycle is based on the annual cycle. The total annual training load of Chinese athletes was more than 20% of the Korean athletes. The average physical training load of Korean athletes was less than 15% of the Chinese athletes, and the average special load intensity was 10% higher than that of the Chinese athletes. The special physical ability monitoring and recovery of Korean sportsmen was based on the professional laboratory. As well as the self management and arrangement of the athletes' initiative, the Chinese athletes are managed and arranged by the sports team and the coaches. The athletes themselves are relatively passive.3. The special physical training content of China speed skating short distance project is mainly focused on the special skating physical training content. The training content is mainly on the ice training, and the special physical training content of Korea is the content of the training content. Comprehensive and rich, the training content covers the land, ice, equipment and other designs. South Korea's special physical training methods are rich, comprehensive and basic, and the training methods are divided into 5 categories and 12 specific projects. The training method has formed a systematic consistency and inheritance; China's special physical training methods are relatively single and have no shape. The system based on the bottom up system presents the incompatibility.4 between coaches. The special physical fitness training of the Korean speed skating short distance project is characterized by the compatibility of the project and the concentration of the training load intensity. The advantage lies in the abundance and systematicness of the training content and methods, especially the training method. The system has been formed from the bottom to the top, which is insufficient in the lack of overall control and management. The characteristic of China's special physical training is to adhere to the large cycle training mode of the Olympic Games, the advantage lies in the control and management of the athletes' collective training. The lack of the training content and method is too single, there is no relatively unified system.5, Korea speed is fast. The special physical fitness training theory and method of the short distance skating project has become a mature system. It is a training theory and method verified by the successful practice. It is worthy of our country's reference to the system of training content and method and the concentration of training load. Of course, there are also advantages and disadvantages in the physical training of our country. Combining the advantages and disadvantages of the special physical training of the two countries, we can form a special physical fitness training theory and method system with Asian characteristics, guide the advanced theory.6 of the Asian speed skating training in Asia, and the significant difference in the physical training of the special physical training of the short distance item of speed skating in China and Korea. The respective characteristics and differences of special physical training in Ming and China can give enlightenment to the future development of special physical training of the two countries. It also reveals that in the special physical training of speed skating in the future, we should pay attention to the action effect, and the functional technology will become the core of training and training; more emphasis is placed on core strength and core district strength. Quantity training will certainly become an innovative field of training. According to the actual situation in the country, the training mode should be built, and the training of aerobic and anaerobic training will always be integrated, and the training effect is paid attention to in the short distance project, and the high intensity training will become the trend of the future training.

【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G862.1
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本文編號：1808956