本文關(guān)鍵詞： 老齡產(chǎn)業(yè) 市場(chǎng)化 產(chǎn)業(yè)化 開發(fā)潛力 養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在整個(gè)21世紀(jì)上半葉,中國(guó)雖然不是世界老齡化程度最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家,卻是老齡人口最多的國(guó)家。當(dāng)前,隨著中國(guó)人口老齡化程度的不斷提高,由此產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)問題已成為政府、學(xué)界乃至社會(huì)各界高度關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。近年來,中央相繼出臺(tái)相關(guān)政策和意見以應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化問題,“十三五”規(guī)劃綱要明確提出“推動(dòng)老齡事業(yè)全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,健全養(yǎng)老體系”。習(xí)近平總書記也進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)要:“堅(jiān)持應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化和促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展相結(jié)合;努力挖掘人口老齡化給國(guó)家發(fā)展帶來的活力和機(jī)遇。”黨和政府的高度重視和支持,必將推動(dòng)我國(guó)老齡事業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。為此,我們應(yīng)具備經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)作的高度自覺理性,運(yùn)用超前的市場(chǎng)意識(shí)把握老齡市場(chǎng)變化,積極開展老齡市場(chǎng)的全方位探索。面對(duì)日益突出的老齡化問題,中國(guó)亟需發(fā)展老齡產(chǎn)業(yè),通過政府引導(dǎo)、市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作的方式來解決當(dāng)前的老齡化問題。目前中國(guó)老齡人口規(guī)模居世界之首,而未來將支撐全球最大的養(yǎng)老(養(yǎng)生)產(chǎn)業(yè)群。因此,在中國(guó)特色的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)下,中國(guó)的老齡市場(chǎng)化發(fā)展大有可為,快速增加的老齡人口規(guī)模以及其所帶來的穩(wěn)定的需求,政府對(duì)可控資源的調(diào)配能力,都為老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的市場(chǎng)基礎(chǔ),也為老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展帶來光明的發(fā)展前景。針對(duì)上述情況,本文探討我國(guó)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場(chǎng)化潛力,并從宏觀的市場(chǎng)化政策研究與具體的市場(chǎng)化策略兩個(gè)維度對(duì)我國(guó)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)市場(chǎng)化潛力進(jìn)行研究,既能在一定程度上增強(qiáng)相關(guān)研究的理論基礎(chǔ),又能為當(dāng)前老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型及政府的政策制定提供有益的指導(dǎo),可以說具有重要的理論價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)問題涉及到經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)、管理學(xué)等學(xué)科,本文是基于社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論,運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)分析手段,研究老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)市場(chǎng)化發(fā)展問題,主要涉及的內(nèi)容以經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)為主,并輔以一些社會(huì)學(xué)的相關(guān)研究。通過文獻(xiàn)的梳理與對(duì)比分析,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)在中國(guó)實(shí)際還是一個(gè)新興產(chǎn)業(yè),其研究側(cè)重于認(rèn)知介紹與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的研究以及國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn)的引入等方面。雖然近期研究成果已經(jīng)較以往有了進(jìn)一步的深化,但更多的是從社會(huì)學(xué)及政策性的角度來看待問題,缺乏系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析與策劃,有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)研究?jī)?nèi)容研究方向比較發(fā)散,理論研究并不系統(tǒng)。而西方的研究側(cè)重于用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)以及經(jīng)濟(jì)交換的角度來看待老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)相關(guān)問題,但西方并無與中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)孝道文化背景,其消費(fèi)方式和社會(huì)保障制度也與中國(guó)并不相同,所以其在考慮產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、市場(chǎng)開發(fā)實(shí)踐方面雖可以借鑒,卻是中國(guó)所不能復(fù)制的,有些研究并不符合中國(guó)國(guó)情,是需要我們采取批判的態(tài)度看待。為了更清楚、更深入地研究中國(guó)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展演進(jìn)過程及其成長(zhǎng)性,正文第一部分,即論文的第二章,首先對(duì)“老齡化”、“高齡化”、“空巢化”、“市場(chǎng)化”“產(chǎn)業(yè)化”等概念進(jìn)行了解讀,將老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)與養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)與養(yǎng)生服務(wù)業(yè)的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行了辨析,還有將老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)與老齡事業(yè)的范疇進(jìn)行了區(qū)別。其次,結(jié)合“三維度產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈”等理論,提出了老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的“五維度”界定。隨后,對(duì)有代表性的幾個(gè)相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行回顧性研究。最后,在對(duì)中國(guó)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)特色的研究中,分析了中國(guó)從老齡事業(yè)到老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展過程以及中國(guó)式養(yǎng)老方式形成的邏輯,認(rèn)為中國(guó)老齡化的特有問題包括有未富先老、定位偏差、發(fā)展不平衡、城鄉(xiāng)老齡化水平倒置等問題。在現(xiàn)代老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式及其市場(chǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)的國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)方面,即論文的第三章,首先對(duì)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代經(jīng)營(yíng)模式進(jìn)行概括,將經(jīng)營(yíng)模式分為政府包辦模式、純粹市場(chǎng)模式以及政府主導(dǎo)的市場(chǎng)發(fā)展模式。同時(shí),對(duì)西方主要的五種產(chǎn)業(yè)運(yùn)作動(dòng)態(tài)進(jìn)行了總結(jié),分別是“雙業(yè)并存”的運(yùn)作方式、“社區(qū)主、機(jī)構(gòu)輔”的運(yùn)作方式、“倒按揭”的運(yùn)作方式、“契約式”的運(yùn)作方式以及“ccrc”的運(yùn)作方式。最后,本文還對(duì)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)市場(chǎng)運(yùn)行國(guó)別研究,選取了較具代表性的國(guó)家,即美國(guó)、歐洲的德國(guó)以及日本。對(duì)于中國(guó)老齡市場(chǎng)化潛力分析,是本文重點(diǎn)研究的內(nèi)容之一,即論文的第四章,首先分析了中國(guó)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀,同時(shí)對(duì)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)價(jià)值鏈的經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行計(jì)量分析,并得出相應(yīng)的結(jié)論。其次,本文運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型對(duì)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場(chǎng)規(guī)模進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè),并根據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的判斷。最后,運(yùn)用政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的分析范式,從政府、社會(huì)、市場(chǎng)三個(gè)角度,分別從需求與供給兩個(gè)維度探討了我國(guó)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場(chǎng)化潛力。成熟的產(chǎn)業(yè)離不開科學(xué)的頂層設(shè)計(jì)、完善的政策體系支持,特別是老齡產(chǎn)業(yè),更與政府的政策有著密不可分的關(guān)系。對(duì)于老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,政府不僅應(yīng)給予政策的支持、資金的資助,更應(yīng)該在政策進(jìn)行引導(dǎo)并實(shí)施監(jiān)督。新經(jīng)濟(jì)是建立在信息技術(shù)革命和制度創(chuàng)新基礎(chǔ)上的經(jīng)濟(jì)。在中國(guó)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)市場(chǎng)化政策研究這一部分,即論文的第五章,分別從新經(jīng)濟(jì)下運(yùn)作老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的政策需求、中國(guó)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場(chǎng)化政策研究以及發(fā)展中國(guó)式老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作的政策安排三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行深入研究。其中值得關(guān)注的是,在政策研究方面,本文以老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)中的投融資政策為研究重點(diǎn)。在市場(chǎng)化政策建議的方面上設(shè)計(jì)了一些創(chuàng)新性方案:一是制定分級(jí)化的服務(wù)券補(bǔ)貼政策;二是制定差別化的產(chǎn)業(yè)細(xì)分政策;三是制定與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)融合發(fā)展的具體產(chǎn)業(yè)政策。另外,本文還提出一些關(guān)聯(lián)型或替代性的政策建議。事實(shí)上,產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展分為宏觀與微觀兩個(gè)維度,前者的重點(diǎn)在政策層面上,而微觀的重點(diǎn)則在為老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)具體的策略方式尋找出路。從市場(chǎng)化的內(nèi)生因素角度講,涉及資本、勞動(dòng)和技術(shù)等要素;外生因素主要是制度或政策因素。第五章是從外生因素,即政策層面上進(jìn)行了討論,而本章研究的重點(diǎn)在于從內(nèi)生因素角度,探討老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)化的路徑或策略。論文的第六章,將結(jié)合國(guó)外的經(jīng)驗(yàn),圍繞資本、勞動(dòng)和技術(shù)等核心問題,對(duì)中國(guó)未來的老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)市場(chǎng)化策略進(jìn)行研究,提出了八條推進(jìn)市場(chǎng)化的建議,分別是:(1)推進(jìn)政府職能轉(zhuǎn)換與市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)型;(2)發(fā)展老齡金融市場(chǎng);(3)放活民營(yíng)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)營(yíng);(4)推行老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)集群開發(fā);(5)開發(fā)生態(tài)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè);(6)引導(dǎo)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)的體驗(yàn)式運(yùn)營(yíng);(7)促進(jìn)老齡產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的融合;(8)推動(dòng)科技型養(yǎng)老、養(yǎng)生產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場(chǎng)化。
[Abstract]:In the first half of twenty-first Century, China although not the most serious world aging countries, is the most populous country in aging. At present, with the aging population of China constantly improve the level of social and economic problems, the government has become the focus in the academic circle, and society attention. In recent years, the Central Committee has the introduction of relevant policies and suggestions to deal with the problem of aging population, "13th Five-Year" plan clearly put forward to promote the coordinated and sustainable development of the cause of aging, improve the pension system. "General Secretary Xi Jinping also stressed:" to further adhere to cope with population aging and promote economic and social development of the combination; strive to tap the vigor and opportunities of population aging bring to the development of the country. "The attention and support of the party and the government of China will promote the cause of aging, the further development of the industry. Therefore, we should have Preparation of the economic operation of the height of rational consciousness, grasp the aging changes in the market with the advance of market awareness, and actively carry out all-round exploration of aging market. Facing the increasingly prominent problem of the aging of the Chinese, the urgent need for the development of the aging industry, through the government guidance and market operation way to solve the problem of aging current. At present Chinese aging population scale the first of the world, and the future will support the world's largest pension (Health) industry group. Therefore, the China characteristics of the market economy, the development of the aging market Chinese rapid increase in the aging population have a brilliant future, and its scale brings stable demand, the government allocation ability of controllable resources, have laid the foundation for the market solid foundation for the development of the aging industry, also bring a bright future for the rapid development of the aging industry. In view of the above situation, this paper discusses the old age industry market The potential, and from the two dimensions of macro market policy research and specific marketing strategies to study the potential of China's aging industry market, not only can enhance the theoretical basis of related research in a certain extent, but also can provide useful guidance for the current transformation of aging industry and government policy, can be said to have an important theoretical value and practical significance. The problem of aging industry involves economics, sociology, medicine, management science, this article is based on the theory of socialist market economy, by means of economic analysis, the research of aging industry market development issues, mainly related to the content based on economics, sociology and some related research supplemented. By combing the literature and comparative analysis, we can find that in actual China aging industry is still a new industry, the research focuses on the research and development trend of cognition The experience of foreign countries and other aspects of the introduction. Although recent research results have been compared with the previous has been further deepened, but more is to look at the problem from the angle of sociology and policy, the lack of systematic economic analysis and planning, the related research literature, research direction is divergent, theory research and the research focus on the western system. In exchange for the economics and economic perspective on issues related to the aging industry, but there is no China and western traditional filial piety culture background, the consumption pattern and the social security system and Chinese is not the same, so the consideration of product design, market development practice although we can learn, is Chinese cannot be reproduced, some studies do not with China conditions, we need to adopt a critical attitude. In order to be more clear, more in-depth study of the development of Chinese aging industry evolution process and The growth of the first part, namely the second chapter of the paper, the first of the "aging", "aging" and "empty nest", "market" and "industrialization" of the concept of interpretation, analyzes the connotation of the aging industry and pension services and health services, there will be the aging industry and the cause of aging the category of difference. Secondly, combined with the "three-dimensional industrial chain" theory, put forward the aging industry "five dimension" is defined. Then, on several representative theories were studied. Finally, the research on the characteristics of Chinese aging industry, analyzes the formation of the development process of Chinese from the cause of aging and aging industry to China type pension logic, that specific problems of aging China include not rich first old positioning deviation, uneven development of urban and rural aging level inversion problems in modern. The international experience of aging industry and its market operation management mode, namely the third chapter, firstly, the modern management pattern of aging industry will be summarized, operating mode can be divided into government arranged mode, pure market mode and government led market development. At the same time, to the west of the five major industrial operation dynamic are summarized. Are the "double industry coexist" mode of operation, the main body of community, the auxiliary "mode of operation, the" reverse mortgage "mode of operation, the" contractual "mode of operation and the" CCRC "mode of operation. Finally, the study of aging industry market operation, selected the representative European countries, namely the United States, Germany and Japan. Analysis of the China aging market potential, is one of the key research content of this article, namely the fourth chapter, firstly analyzes the development of China's aging industry The status quo, and economic contribution to the aging industry value chain analysis, and draws the corresponding conclusion. Secondly, this paper uses the market scale of the system dynamics model of aging industry is forecasted, and the corresponding judgment according to the prediction. Finally, using the political economics analysis paradigm, from the government, society, three the perspective of the market, the two dimensions from the demand and supply of the market potential of China's aging industry. Mature industry cannot do without the support of scientific top-level design, improve the policy system, especially the aging industry, and government policy has a close relationship. For the development of the aging industry, the government should not only give policy support, funding, should be more in policy guidance and supervision of the implementation of the new economy is built on the basis of the information technology revolution and innovation system in Chinese aging economy. The policy of industrial market research in this part is the fifth chapter, separately operation policy demand of aging industry from the new economy, China aging industry market research and development policy China type aging industry market operation policy three aspects were researched. The concern is that in policy research in this paper, the aging industry in investment and financing policy as the research focus. Policy recommendations in the market on the design of some innovative solutions: one is the service subsidies policy classification; two is the industrial subdivision policy differentiation; the three is to develop specific industry policy and development. In addition, the integration of the Internet and the paper also proposes some related or alternative policy recommendations. In fact, the development of the industry is divided into macro and micro two dimensions, the former focus on the policy level, and micro focus Is to find a way out in the strategy for aging industry specific. From the market perspective of endogenous factors, involving capital, labor and technology; external factors are mainly the system or policy factors. The fifth chapter is from the external factors, namely the policy level is discussed, and the key point of this chapter is from the inside student factors, study the market path or strategy of aging industry. In the sixth chapter, combined with foreign experience, around the capital, labor and technology and other core issues, to study the Chinese future aging industry market strategy, put forward eight suggestions to promote the market, namely: (1) to promote the transformation of government functions and market transformation; (2) the development of the aging financial market; (3) the civil service organizations for elderly operation; (4) the implementation of aging industry cluster development; (5) the ecological development of aging industry; (6) to guide the experience of aging industry. Camping; (7) promoting the integration of the aging industry chain and the Internet; (8) promoting the technology based pension and the marketing of the health industry.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F719;D669.6
，

本文編號(hào)：1498233