本文關鍵詞：馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想研究　出處：《遼寧大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 馬克思 生態(tài)倫理 人與自然 生態(tài)文明

【摘要】：20世紀中后期,隨著工業(yè)文明的迅猛發(fā)展,導致生態(tài)問題的日益嚴重,環(huán)境保護運動逐漸興起,生態(tài)環(huán)境問題開始被學術界所關注,學者們試圖在歷史上有重大影響的理論或學說中探索和發(fā)掘能夠解決當代生態(tài)問題的有效途徑,馬克思關于生態(tài)倫理的思想就是在這樣的時代背景下成為了理論的熱點。馬克思生活的19世紀生態(tài)問題初步顯現(xiàn),馬克思作為偉大的思想家雖然沒有專門的著作對生態(tài)倫理問題進行研究,但在馬克思的諸多著作中都內含關于人與自然關系的學說,其實質就是生態(tài)倫理問題。對馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想研究最早的多為西方學者,國內學術界更熱衷于西方環(huán)境倫理和中國古代環(huán)境倫理的研究,所以對馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的研究較少并且不夠全面和系統(tǒng)。因此,對馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的系統(tǒng)研究和探索是十分必要的。本文從馬克思的經(jīng)典著作入手,從中探尋馬克思對人與自然之間倫理關系、以自然為中介的人與人之間倫理關系的理解,以及馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的演進和發(fā)展過程。本文除緒論以外分為四個主要部分：第一部分本文考察和分析了馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的現(xiàn)實基礎和理論來源,即馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想所產(chǎn)生的歷史背景。從馬克思生活的年代所顯現(xiàn)的生態(tài)問題著手分析了馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的現(xiàn)實基礎,闡述了資本主義工業(yè)革命對生態(tài)環(huán)境的大肆破壞,以及資本主義制度下在資本內在本性的作用下所導致的生態(tài)環(huán)境危機；同時也探討了馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的理論來源,不僅受到古代西方學者對人與自然關系思想的影響,也吸取和借鑒了德國古典哲學家們對人與自然關系的理解。第二部分本文詳細的考察了馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的發(fā)展歷程。從馬克思經(jīng)典著作和文本中梳理出馬克思對人與自然關系問題研究的演進歷程,在萌芽階段從馬克思的博士論文等文章中闡發(fā)了對人與自然之間倫理關系的初步理解,闡釋了馬克思的自我意識與自然存在統(tǒng)一的思想,以及馬克思最初對生態(tài)公平公正原則的理解；本文在馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想形成階段,這一階段以《1844年經(jīng)濟學哲學手稿》為標志,馬克思在論述了人與自然之間對象性關系的基礎上,闡述了《手稿》中的生態(tài)倫理思想,其中包括異化理論和共產(chǎn)主義思想,并在隨后的著作中進一步闡述了實踐的作用；本文在馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的深化階段,批判了資本主義社會工業(yè)發(fā)展對生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞,對自然和人的共同壓榨,并提出了自然生產(chǎn)力和社會生產(chǎn)力概念,闡述了對人與自然關系的深入理解,揭示了資本主義制度下所存在的生態(tài)問題和社會問題等內容。第三部分本文歸納了馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的內容。對馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想內容的解讀主要從自然觀、實踐觀和社會歷史觀三個方面。首先論述了自然的價值和人的主體性地位,并從對實踐的人化自然觀的分析詳細的闡釋了人與自然之間的辯證關系。其次,以實踐為出發(fā)點,考察了實踐的內在要素和自然條件的重要作用,并深入分析人與自然之間的物質變換關系,從科學技術維度如何構建人與自然之間的和諧相處。再次,闡述了資本主義制度與生態(tài)危機之間的關系,提出自然、人和社會的有機整體發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)自然史和人類史的結合,并建立自然主義與人道主義相結合的共產(chǎn)主義制度。第四部分本文論述了馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的當代價值及現(xiàn)實啟示。通過對西方生態(tài)學馬克思主義的研究,理清生態(tài)學馬克思主義對馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的認識和理解,歸納和總結出二者之間的差異性,深入的理解馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想對西方社會的影響。另外,在馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的價值及其對中國生態(tài)文明建設的啟示,本文總結和歸納了馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想在中國的發(fā)展軌跡及理論成果,從新中國建立時期對自然規(guī)律的認識,并在改革開放以來對自然規(guī)律的高度重視,以及新時期提倡的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和保護自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的生態(tài)倫理觀,在“五位一體”總布局中所突顯的生態(tài)倫理內容,同時也闡述了習近平提出的綠色發(fā)展理念,彰顯出馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的重要理論價值和實踐價值,并為當代中國發(fā)展給予了現(xiàn)實啟示,從現(xiàn)實國情出發(fā)思考實際的生態(tài)問題,反思問題的根源所在,生態(tài)問題的消解應當著力于對人們生態(tài)保護意識和生態(tài)價值觀的培養(yǎng)與教育,并以生態(tài)倫理的法治建設為保障,在生態(tài)文明建設的過程中實現(xiàn)生態(tài)倫理理論與具體實踐相融合,進而發(fā)揮馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想在實踐中的現(xiàn)實價值。本文旨在系統(tǒng)的研究馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想,希望從中探索和總結出馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的主要內容,并把理論與現(xiàn)實相結合來證實馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的科學性與實踐性,馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想為我國社會主義生態(tài)文明建設提供了理論來源和實踐動力,不僅促進了當代中國對馬克思生態(tài)倫理思想的深入發(fā)展,同時也為協(xié)調人與自然之間關系、真正實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟建設與生態(tài)保護同步發(fā)展提供了有效的途徑。
[Abstract]:In late twentieth Century, with the rapid development of industrial civilization, leading to ecological problems are increasingly serious, the environmental protection movement gradually rise, environmental problems have been concerned by the academic circles, scholars have tried to explore the effective way to explore and to solve the contemporary ecological problems of theories have great influence in history, Marx thought about ecological ethics is under the background of this era has become hotspot. Theory initially appeared in nineteenth Century the ecological problems of Marx's life, Marx as a great thinker although there is no special work study on the ecological ethics problem, but in many of Marx's works have been included on the relationship between man and nature theory, its essence is ecological ethics the problem. The analysis of Marx's thought of ecological ethics is the earliest western scholars, domestic academic circles are more interested in western environmental ethics and Study on environmental ethics of ancient China, so the research on Marx's thought of ecological ethics in less and are not comprehensive and systematic. Therefore, a systematic study of Marx's thought of ecological ethics and exploration is very necessary. This paper from Marx's classic works of Marx to explore the ethical relationship between man and nature in nature as the ethical relationship the intermediary between people's understanding of the evolution and development process, and Marx's thought of ecological ethics. In addition to the introduction is divided into four main parts: the first part of the thesis investigates and analyses the realistic foundation of Marx's thought of ecological ethics and the theory origin, that is produced by the Marx ecosystem ethics thought the historical background of ecological problems appear. From Marx's life analyzes the realistic foundation of Marx's thought of ecological ethics, expounds the capitalist industrial revolution of students Wanton destruction of the ecological environment, and the capitalist system in the capital nature under the action of the ecological crisis; it also discusses the theoretical source of Marx's thought of ecological ethics, not only influenced by the ancient western scholars on the relationship between man and nature thought, also absorb and draw lessons from the German classical philosophers' understanding of the relationship between man and nature. In the second part, this paper reviews the development of Marx's ecological ethics. From the evolution of Marx out of the relationship between man and nature of Marx classics and text, in the bud stage analysis of the preliminary understanding of the ethical relationship between man and nature in Marx's doctoral thesis in this article, the self the natural consciousness and explains Marx's unified thought, and Marx's original understanding of the principle of ecological justice in this paper; Marx thought of ecological ethics in the formation stage, this stage by <1844 as a symbol of economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 >, Marx discusses the object of the relationship between man and nature, expounds the ecological ethics of < > in the manuscript, including the theory of alienation and communism thought, and in the subsequent work of further elaboration the role of practice; the deepening stage of Marx's ecological ethics ideology, critique of capitalist society Industrial Development on the ecological damage to the environment, the common exploitation of nature and people, and put forward the concept of natural and social productive forces, expounds the understanding of the relationship between man and nature, reveals the capitalist system the ecological and social problems. The third part of this paper summarizes the contents of Marx's ecological ethics. The interpretation of Marx's thought of ecological ethics main content From the view of nature, view of practice and historical view of three aspects. First discusses the value of nature and subjectivity of human, and from the analysis of the practical view of humanized nature explain the dialectical relationship between man and nature. Secondly, to practice as a starting point, an important role in the practice of internal investigation the elements and natural conditions, and in-depth analysis of the material transformation between man and nature, from the science and technology dimensions of how to construct the harmony between man and nature. Once again, expounds the relationship between ecological crisis and capitalist system, put forward the natural organic whole, the development of human and society, realize the combination of natural history and human history, and the establishment of naturalism and humanism combined with the Communist system. The fourth part of this article discusses the contemporary value of Marx's thought of ecological ethics and realistic enlightenment on western ecology. By Marx In research, clarify the ecology theory of Marx on Marx's thought of ecological ethics awareness and understanding, and summarized the differences between the two effects, in-depth understanding of Marx's ecological ethics of Western society. In addition, in Marx's thought of ecological ethics and the value of China ecological civilization, this paper summarized and concluded Marx thought of ecological ethics in Chinese history and theoretical results, establishing period of understanding of the laws of nature from the new China, and attaches great importance to the natural law in the reform and opening up, the ecological ethics in the new era and to promote sustainable development and protect the natural ecological environment view, ecological ethics content to highlight the "five in one" in the overall layout, and also elaborates the green development concept put forward by Xi Jinping, highlights the important theoretical price Marx's thought of ecological ethics The value and practical value, and give a realistic enlightenment for the development of contemporary Chinese, ecological problems from the actual situation of thinking, root reflection, dispelling ecological problems should focus on the cultivation of people awareness of ecological protection and ecological values and ecological ethics education, and to the construction of the rule of law for the protection of ecological ethical theory and practice of the integration in the process of the construction of ecological civilization, and then play the realistic value of Marx's thought of ecological ethics in practice. This paper aims to study Marx's ecological ethics system, hope to explore and summarize the main content of Marx's thought of ecological ethics from it, and the combination of theory and reality that science and the practice of Marx's ecological ethics, provides a theoretical and practical origin of Marx's ecological ethics for the construction of socialist ecological civilization It not only promotes the deep development of Marx's ecological ethics in contemporary China, but also provides an effective way to coordinate the relationship between man and nature and truly realize the simultaneous development of economic construction and ecological protection.

【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：A81
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本文編號：1365845