本文關(guān)鍵詞：21世紀(jì)蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家安全政策研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,國(guó)際體系發(fā)生了巨大變化,國(guó)際關(guān)系和外交政策也隨之進(jìn)行調(diào)整。在這種國(guó)際關(guān)系巨大變化的背景之下,蒙古國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)了真正意義上的政治和外交上的自主獨(dú)立。蒙古國(guó)開(kāi)始在政治民主化、經(jīng)濟(jì)市場(chǎng)化、社會(huì)開(kāi)放化、人權(quán)自由化等方面實(shí)施轉(zhuǎn)型,外交政策也由過(guò)去“一邊倒”向“多支點(diǎn)”外交戰(zhàn)略方向調(diào)整。1992年2月10日,蒙古國(guó)頒布了新憲法。關(guān)于蒙古國(guó)外交政策,憲法第10條中規(guī)定:“遵守世界各國(guó)公認(rèn)的國(guó)際法準(zhǔn)則,實(shí)施致力于和平的外交政策”。(1)因此,1994年蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家大呼拉爾先后制定頒布了《蒙古國(guó)對(duì)外政策構(gòu)想》、《蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家安全構(gòu)想》、《蒙古國(guó)軍事政策基礎(chǔ)》。蒙古國(guó)不僅重新制定針對(duì)周邊兩大強(qiáng)國(guó)(中國(guó)、俄羅斯)的外交戰(zhàn)略,而且與美日及歐洲大國(guó)及其他國(guó)家的關(guān)系得以重建。這幾項(xiàng)構(gòu)想促使蒙古國(guó)重新制定了國(guó)家軍事安全戰(zhàn)略,正式確認(rèn)“同中國(guó)和俄羅斯保持友好關(guān)系是蒙古國(guó)外交政策的主要目標(biāo)”。(2)《蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家安全構(gòu)想》包括:國(guó)家安全、國(guó)家安全的外部環(huán)境、國(guó)家安全組成部分、國(guó)家安全保障體系等。同時(shí)確定“蒙古國(guó)不參與任何同盟和軍事集團(tuán),不支持因第三國(guó)利益將本國(guó)領(lǐng)空、領(lǐng)土為其所用”。(3)蒙古國(guó)“多支點(diǎn)”外交政策與安全政策是從蒙古國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)需要與國(guó)際環(huán)境的實(shí)際出發(fā)制訂的,是實(shí)現(xiàn)蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家獨(dú)立、國(guó)家安全與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要途徑。蒙古國(guó)提出的國(guó)家安全政策構(gòu)想,是為了有效地保障蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全與軍事做出的戰(zhàn)略抉擇。在《蒙古國(guó)軍事政策基礎(chǔ)》中規(guī)定:“將秉持共同防衛(wèi)的政策,通過(guò)與鄰國(guó)、第三鄰國(guó)、國(guó)際軍事組織的軍事力量來(lái)共同抵御本國(guó)受到潛在的侵略或威脅”。(1)進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家周邊安全環(huán)境發(fā)生了巨大變化,2010年7月15日,蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家大呼拉爾修訂了《蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家安全構(gòu)想》、2011年修訂了《蒙古國(guó)對(duì)外政策構(gòu)想》、2015年10月重新修訂了《蒙古國(guó)軍事政策基礎(chǔ)》,改稱(chēng)為《蒙古國(guó)國(guó)防政策基礎(chǔ)》。以有效保障21世紀(jì)蒙古國(guó)的國(guó)家安全。全文共分五章,主要觀點(diǎn)如下:第1章闡述國(guó)際關(guān)系中的安全理論與蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家安全思想的歷史演變。分析了國(guó)際關(guān)系的安全理論概念。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)安全概念的爭(zhēng)論日趨激烈,安全作為一個(gè)擁有政治影響力的概念亦逐漸呈現(xiàn)。認(rèn)為蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家安全思想歷史演變可以劃分為6個(gè)階段:一是蒙古國(guó)加入聯(lián)合國(guó)的最初艱難階段;二是爭(zhēng)取社會(huì)主義陣營(yíng)國(guó)家的支持;三是爭(zhēng)取亞非拉國(guó)家的支持;四是蒙古國(guó)正式加入聯(lián)合國(guó);五是蒙古國(guó)成為聯(lián)合國(guó)成員國(guó)后的外交成就;六是1961年以后的安全歷史。第2章,蒙古國(guó)“多支點(diǎn)”外交政策與安全政策。分析了冷戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際形勢(shì)與蒙古國(guó)外交政策及安全政策的變化。在外交政策構(gòu)想中規(guī)定了“多支點(diǎn)”外交以及優(yōu)先發(fā)展方向�！巴袊�(guó)和俄羅斯建立友好關(guān)系是蒙古國(guó)對(duì)外政策的首要任務(wù),主張同中俄兩國(guó)均衡交往,發(fā)展廣泛的睦鄰合作。積極發(fā)展與美國(guó)、歐盟、日本等以及西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家“第三鄰國(guó)”外交的戰(zhàn)略方針。蒙古國(guó)外交政策的一個(gè)主要方向是通過(guò)開(kāi)展積極的政治和外交手段來(lái)鞏固國(guó)家安全。(2)作為夾在擁有核武器的中蘇兩國(guó)之間的國(guó)家,蒙古國(guó)從國(guó)家安全角度提出了有必要特別關(guān)注涉及本國(guó)安全的問(wèn)題。第3章,21世紀(jì)蒙古國(guó)安全政策內(nèi)容。這部分深入地研究了蒙古國(guó)安全政策的制定。包括:《蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家安全構(gòu)想》的提出背景、《蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家安全構(gòu)想》的主要內(nèi)容及特征、蒙古國(guó)國(guó)防體系、蒙古國(guó)軍事結(jié)構(gòu)與任務(wù)、蒙古國(guó)軍費(fèi)支出。可以說(shuō),《蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家安全構(gòu)想》是一個(gè)綜合全面的安全保障構(gòu)想。蒙古國(guó)國(guó)防法詳細(xì)指出了建立蒙古國(guó)武裝力量的依據(jù)、所秉持的基本原則、武裝力量的組織結(jié)構(gòu)、基本管理職能、武裝力量總參謀部的責(zé)任和義務(wù)等問(wèn)題。于2015年9月7日,蒙古國(guó)總統(tǒng)查·額勒貝格道爾吉提出蒙古國(guó)實(shí)施永久中立政策的建議。永久中立法律草案規(guī)定:蒙古國(guó)只在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和武裝沖突情況下秉持中立國(guó)地位,并且不妨礙蒙古國(guó)與世界各國(guó)所簽署的條約和協(xié)定。第4章闡述21世紀(jì)蒙古國(guó)與大國(guó)的安全關(guān)系。這部分深入地研究了蒙中、蒙俄、蒙日、蒙美合作關(guān)系的發(fā)展。一是蒙中兩國(guó)建立了全面的合作關(guān)系,各領(lǐng)域的合作不斷擴(kuò)大和深化,成為發(fā)展蒙中戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系的重要支撐;二是蒙俄兩國(guó)已經(jīng)建立了全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系,蒙俄兩國(guó)在政治關(guān)系和軍事領(lǐng)域仍需加強(qiáng),為各領(lǐng)域的合作發(fā)展提供了有利條件;三是蒙日兩國(guó)在“全面伙伴關(guān)系”的基礎(chǔ)上致力于發(fā)展“戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系”,其中經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系尤為重要。蒙日兩國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系不僅是日本政府對(duì)蒙古國(guó)的援助,同時(shí)也涵蓋了在貿(mào)易、投資、經(jīng)濟(jì)等領(lǐng)域更為廣泛深入合作;四是蒙美建立外交關(guān)系以來(lái),蒙美兩國(guó)的防務(wù)合作關(guān)系得到不斷發(fā)展。蒙美兩國(guó)防務(wù)領(lǐng)域的合作關(guān)系大致可分為三個(gè)階段:1991年至1996年;1996年至2003年;2003年至今。第5章,21世紀(jì)蒙古國(guó)安全政策的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。這部分研究了蒙古國(guó)安全政策的未來(lái)與影響蒙古國(guó)安全政策的因素、蒙古國(guó)安全政策相關(guān)問(wèn)題的思考。包括:繼續(xù)發(fā)展與中俄兩國(guó)睦鄰友好關(guān)系、繼續(xù)參與地區(qū)發(fā)展與安全合作,推動(dòng)“永久中立國(guó)”地位為安全政策的基石。《蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家安全構(gòu)想》是目前蒙古國(guó)首部詳細(xì)闡述國(guó)家安全政策、外交政策、軍事政策構(gòu)想的政府綱領(lǐng)性文件。雖然頒布時(shí)間不長(zhǎng),但隨著蒙古國(guó)在國(guó)際社會(huì)地位日益提高,參與國(guó)際事務(wù)的形式日漸增多,范圍日益擴(kuò)大,當(dāng)前蒙古國(guó)需要重新審視自己的國(guó)家安全政策、以及外交政策和軍事政策,并需要重新修訂相關(guān)的政策方針。鑒于上述情況,在最近二,三十年,蒙古國(guó)政府針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外環(huán)境變化著手重新修改國(guó)家安全政策、對(duì)外政策、軍事政策構(gòu)想。在《蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家安全構(gòu)想》中多次提到蒙古國(guó)政府堅(jiān)持維護(hù)人權(quán)、自由、公平正義、民主的政治體系,且將這些方針視為維護(hù)蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家安全的根本保障。同時(shí)在重新修訂后的《蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家安全構(gòu)想》中還提到關(guān)于“蒙古國(guó)的國(guó)家安全目標(biāo)是創(chuàng)造能夠保障蒙古國(guó)核心利益的內(nèi)部及外部環(huán)境”并力爭(zhēng)通過(guò)政治和外交手段維護(hù)蒙古國(guó)國(guó)家獨(dú)立自主及主權(quán)完整。
[Abstract]:After the end of the cold war, great changes have taken place in the international system, international relations and foreign policy also adjusted. Under the great change of international relations in the background, in Mongolia to achieve a real sense of political and diplomatic independence. Mongolia began in the democratization of politics, market economy, social aspects of opening. Freedom to implement transformation, foreign policy from the past "one-sided" to "multi pivot diplomacy strategic adjustment of.1992 in February 10th, Mongolia promulgated a new constitution. On Mongolia's foreign policy, in article tenth of the Constitution stipulates:" abide by internationally accepted norms of international law, the implementation is committed to a peaceful foreign policy "(1). Therefore, in 1994 the state great Hural of Mongolia has enacted the" Mongolia's foreign policy vision "," national security concept in Mongolia >, < Mongolia's military policy based in Mongolia. China not only re enacted in the surrounding two big powers (Chinese, Russia) diplomatic strategy, and reconstruction and relationships of the United States and Japan and other countries and the European powers to. These ideas prompted Mongolia's re enactment of the national military security strategy, officially confirmed "maintain friendly relations with Russia and Chinese is the main target of Mongolia foreign policy. (2) Mongolia's national security concept < > include: national security, national security environment, national security component of the national security system. At the same time to determine the" Mongolia does not participate in any military alliance and the third group, because the benefits will not support their airspace, territorial use "for its. (3) Mongolia's" fulcrum "foreign policy and security policy is the actual needs from Mongolia domestic and international environment of development, Mongolia is to achieve national independence, national security and society by An important way of economic development. Mongolia's national security policy ideas put forward, in order to effectively safeguard the political, Mongolia national economic and military security, strategic choice to make. Mongolia's military policy stipulated in the < > Foundation: "will uphold the common defense policy, with the neighbors, third neighboring countries, the international military organization the military forces to jointly resist the country by potential aggression or threat." (1) in twenty-first Century, has undergone tremendous changes, the national security environment around Mongolia in July 15, 2010, the state great Hural of Mongolia revised the "Mongolia national security concept", revised in 2011 "Mongolia's foreign policy vision", revised in October 2015 "Mongolia's military policy based", renamed the Mongolia national defense policy foundation. "In order to guarantee the safety of our country in twenty-first Century in Mongolia. The thesis consists of five chapters. The main points are as follows: the first chapter The evolution of security theory in international relations with Mongolia's national security thought history. Safety analysis of the theoretical concepts of international relations. Domestic and foreign scholars debate on the concept of security is becoming increasingly fierce, security as a political clout the concept also gradually presented. That historical thought of national security of Mongolia country evolution can be divided into 6 stages the first stage: one is difficult in Mongolia to join the United Nations; two is to win the support of the national socialist camp; the three is to support African countries; four Mongolia China formally joined the United Nations; five in Mongolia as a member of the United Nations after diplomatic achievement; the six is security history after 1961. Second chapter, Mongolia's "fulcrum" foreign policy and security policy. Analysis of the change of international situation after the cold war and the Mongolia foreign policy and security policy. "Regulations on foreign policy ideas Diplomacy and development priorities. "The establishment of friendly relations with Russia and China is a priority of Mongolia's foreign policies, with China and Russia advocate balanced exchanges, the development of good neighbourly cooperation. The positive development with the United States, European Union, Japan and the strategy of western developed countries" third neighbor "policy. One of the main direction Mongolia's foreign policy is to strengthen national security through actively carry out political and diplomatic means. (2) as between nuclear armed China and Soviet Union countries, Mongolia from the point of view of national security is necessary to pay special attention to the national security problem. In the third chapter, the content of this twenty-first Century Mongolia's security policy. Some in-depth study of the development of Mongolia's security policy. Including: the background of Mongolia's" national security concept "," the main content of Mongolia's national security concept > and Mongolia's syndrome, national defense system, Mongolia's military structure and mission, Mongolia's military expenditure. It can be said that Mongolia's national security "concept" is a comprehensive security concept. Mongolia's national defense law with pointed out that the establishment of Mongolia's armed forces on the basis of the basic principle, uphold the organizational structure of the armed forces. The basic function of management, the general staff of the armed forces of the responsibility and obligation and other issues. In September 7, 2015, proposed the implementation of the policy of permanent neutrality of Mongolia's proposal of President Char Elbegdorj of Mongolia. Mongolia: permanent neutrality provisions of the draft law in China only uphold a neutral country status in war and armed conflict situations, treaties and agreements and does not interfere with the state of Mongolia with the rest of the world. The fourth chapter signed security relations in Mongolia in twenty-first Century and the country. This part is deeply studied in Mongolia, Mongolia and Russia, Mongolia, Mongolia and the United States cooperation The Department of development. One is Mongolia the two countries established a comprehensive cooperative relations, cooperation in various fields has been expanded and deepened, become an important support for the development of the strategic partnership between Mongolia and Mongolia and Russia; two is the two countries have established a comprehensive strategic partnership, Mongolia and Russia still needs to strengthen in the political and military fields, provide the favorable conditions for the development of cooperation in various fields; three is Mongolia Japan based on "comprehensive partnership" is committed to a "strategic partnership", the economic relationship is particularly important. The economic relationship between China and Japan is not only by the Japanese government in aid to Mongolia, but also covers in trade and investment. The economic and other fields more in-depth cooperation; four is the establishment of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and the United States since Mongolia U.S. defense cooperation between Mongolia and the United States have continued to develop. Bilateral cooperation in the field of defense can be divided into three stages: 1991 From 2001 to 1996; 1996 to 2003; since 2003. In the fifth chapter, the development trend of twenty-first Century Mongolia's security policy. This part of the future of Mongolia's security policy and the factors affecting Mongolia's security policy, on issues related to Mongolia's security policy. Including: continue to develop good neighborly and friendly relations with China and Russia, continue to participate in regional development and security cooperation, to promote the "permanent neutrality" status for security policy. The cornerstone of Mongolia's national security concept "is currently the Mongolia country's first elaborate national security policy, foreign policy, military government programmatic document policy ideas. Although the promulgation time is not long, but with the increasing of Mongolia's status in the international community to participate in international affairs, in the form of increasing, expanding the scope of the country, Mongolia needs to re-examine their own national security policy, and foreign policy and military affairs Policy, and need to revise the related policy. In view of the above, in the last two, thirty years, the government of Mongolia for the domestic and international environment changes to modify national security policy, foreign policy, military policy ideas. In Mongolia's national security concept < > mentioned several times in the government of Mongolia to safeguard human rights and freedom. Fairness and justice, democratic political system, and to integrate these policies as a guarantee of Mongolia's national security. At the same time in the revised "Mongolia country national security concept > also mentioned about the" Mongolia's national security goal is to create to protect the internal and external environment of Mongolia's "core interests and strive to through political and diplomatic means to safeguard national sovereignty and independent Mongolia.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D731.1
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本文編號(hào)：1364456