本文關(guān)鍵詞：3-6歲幼兒身體功能性動作體系的構(gòu)建與實證研究　出處：《河北師范大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 幼兒 身體功能性動作體系 動作發(fā)展

【摘要】：“健康中國2030”規(guī)劃綱要指出,人的健康發(fā)展是貫穿整個生命周期,而幼兒期是人健康發(fā)展的初期,也是培養(yǎng)健康習慣的重要時期。動作作為媒介,是幼兒交流和成長的方式,在練習中學習動作、在動作中獲得生存,所以動作發(fā)展是幼兒健康成長的核心焦點。良好的動作技能發(fā)展和習得,對幼兒機能發(fā)育、素質(zhì)增長、認知增強、行為良好及社會適應促進等方面具有重要影響。本文通過對幼兒身體形態(tài)、機能、素質(zhì)、心智及動作發(fā)展等方面規(guī)律進行總結(jié),結(jié)合人類動作發(fā)展、動作學習與控制等相關(guān)理論,建立一套3-6歲幼兒身體功能性動作體系,從而重新對幼兒動作發(fā)展的脈絡進行定義,并羅列各年齡段、各動作發(fā)展階段所適合學習的內(nèi)容和練習方式。本文采用文獻資料法,對有關(guān)文獻進行查閱和梳理;通過訪談法,對幼兒教育、幼兒心理、動作發(fā)展及功能性訓練方面專家進行訪談,以期對3-6歲幼兒身體功能性動作體系構(gòu)建以及實證研究方案確定,提供相應的理論支撐和科學依據(jù)。通過實驗法,將所建立的身體功能性動作與不同年齡段幼兒各方面的發(fā)展特點進行結(jié)合,對各年齡段幼兒進行干預研究,以實證研究方式觀察所設(shè)計的身體功能性動作對不同年齡段男女幼兒粗大動作、身體素質(zhì)、行為表現(xiàn)等方面的影響;通過測量法和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法,對實驗前后所得數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,準確、客觀量化幼兒不同測試指標的意義與相關(guān)性,從而對所建立的3-6歲幼兒身體功能動作體系的科學性和有效性進行驗證、優(yōu)化和補充。本文具體的研究結(jié)論如下:1、通過對3-6歲幼兒各方面發(fā)展規(guī)律梳理和歸納,與人類動作發(fā)展理論、動作學習與控制等相關(guān)理論相結(jié)合,建立3-6歲幼兒身體功能性動作發(fā)展金字塔模型,分為功能性動作模式、動作模式、功能性動作技能和基本動作技能四個方面,共由338種動作分類與練習方式構(gòu)成,其中:功能性動作模式,分為9類、16種動作;動作模式,分為8類、49種動作;功能性動作技能,分為105種練習方式;基本動作技能,分為3類、27種、168個練習方式。2、粗大動作發(fā)展方面,園本體育活動和身體功能性動作,都可對3-6歲幼兒粗大動作的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生積極影響,但在均衡發(fā)展三個年齡段男女生位移類動作和控制類動作的學習效果方面,身體功能性動作練習要優(yōu)于園本體育活動內(nèi)容。但仍需對側(cè)滑步、前滑步、前跨跳和踢球技能的身體功能性動作練習內(nèi)容進行完善。兩種練習內(nèi)容在促進各年齡段幼兒粗大動作發(fā)展方面沒有顯著性別差異。3、身體素質(zhì)方面,園本體育活動和身體功能性動作都能對3-6歲男女幼兒產(chǎn)生影響。前者對中班和小班幼兒影響較大,集中體現(xiàn)在平衡、靈敏和爆發(fā)方面,但多數(shù)測試指標較實驗前無顯著變化;而身體功能性動作練習可以較為全面發(fā)展各年齡段幼兒靈敏、速度和平衡等身體素質(zhì),在干預效果上要優(yōu)于園本體育活動內(nèi)容,但仍需完善男女生在功能性速度模塊、功能性靈敏模塊和功能性力量模塊方面的練習內(nèi)容。4、行為表現(xiàn)方面,園本體育活動僅能使4-6歲對照組幼兒行為問題得分略低于實驗前,無法使中班和小班男女生行為表現(xiàn)問題出現(xiàn)顯著性變化。身體功能性動作,可以較為顯著改善4-6歲實驗組幼兒行為表現(xiàn)問題,且效果優(yōu)于對照組幼兒,其中實驗組男生較女生在內(nèi)向性行為問題改善方面要顯著。5、感覺統(tǒng)合方面,園本體育活動內(nèi)容對5-6歲對照組幼兒前庭功能與本體感覺方面影響較為顯著,而觸覺防御和學習能力方面改變則不顯著。功能性動作練習能對5-6歲實驗組男女生感覺統(tǒng)合的四個方面產(chǎn)生顯著影響,且效果優(yōu)于園本體育活動內(nèi)容。并且,對照組和實驗組男女生幼兒,在感覺統(tǒng)合能力方面沒有顯著的性別差異。
[Abstract]:"Health China 2030" plan pointed out, the healthy development of people is through the whole life cycle, and the early childhood is people's healthy development, is also an important period to develop healthy habits. Act as a medium, children's growth and exchange way, learning action in practice, to survive in the action, so the development of action is the core focus of the healthy growth of children. Good skill on children's development and acquisition, function development, quality growth, cognitive enhancement, good behavior and social adaptation has important influence to promote other aspects. Based on the children's body shape, function, quality, mental and motor development and other aspects were summarized, combined with human movement development action, learning and control theory, establish a set of 3-6 years old children's physical function of the action system, and to the development of children's action in definition, and list the Age, the action stage of development for learning the content and way of practice. In this paper, using the method of literature review, and combs the related literature; through interviews, to the kindergarten education, children's psychological development, action and functional training, expert interview, in order to determine the construction of 3-6 years old children's body functional movement system and program of empirical research, provide theoretical support and scientific basis. Through the experiment, the development characteristics of the body function of action will be established and the children of different ages with intervention study of each age children, the functional movements of the body by a positive study on the design of different the age of male and female infant gross motor, body quality, influence behavior etc.; through measurement and mathematical statistics, before and after the experiment were used to analyze the data, accurate, guest The significance and correlation of quantitative view of children of different testing index, so as to verify the scientificity and effectiveness of the 3-6 years old children's body function system, optimization and supplement. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1 specific, by the law of the various aspects of 3-6 years old child carding and induction, and human movement development theory motor learning and control, and other related theories, the establishment of 3-6 years old children's body functional movement development model of Pyramid, divided into functional operation mode, operation mode, the four aspects of functional skills and basic skill, consists of 338 kinds of action classification and practice form, including: functional movement patterns, divided for the 9 class, 16 kinds of action; action mode, is divided into 8 categories, 49 kinds of action; functional skill, is divided into 105 kinds of exercises; basic skill, is divided into 3 categories, 27 species, 168 practicing.2, gross motor development. The park, sports activities and physical function of action, can produce a positive impact on the development of children aged 3-6 in gross motor, but the development of the three age gender displacement class movement and control class action learning effect in equilibrium, physical functional exercise is better than the garden of the sports activities. But still need to on the front side slide, slide body, cross functional movement before jumping and kicking a ball skill practice content improved. Two kinds of practice content have no significant gender differences in the promotion of.3 in different age children's gross motor development, physical fitness, kindergarten sports activities and physical functional movements can affect men and women aged 3-6 children. The former has great influence on middle and small children, embodied in the balance, agility and outbreak, but the majority of the test before the experiment index is no significant change; and the physical function of the exercise is to The development of preschoolers' sensitivity, speed and balance of physical quality, superior to the garden of the sports activities in the intervention effect, but still need to improve the speed of male and female students in the functional module, functional module and power module sensitive functional exercises on.4 contents, the behavior, the only sports park the 4-6 age group of children's behavioral problems scored slightly lower than before the experiment, to make the middle and small behavior problems of male and female students showed significant changes. The functions of the body movements, can significantly improve the 4-6 experimental group of children's behavior problems, and the effect is better than the control group children, the experimental group of boys than girls to improve significant.5 in internalizing behavior problems and sensory integration, the contents of sports activities for 5-6 years of vestibular function and body control group children feeling a significant impact, and tactile defense and Science The change of learning ability is not significant. The functional exercise can have a significant impact on the four aspects of the experimental group of male and female students aged 5-6 in sensory integration, and better than the park sports activities. In addition, the control group and the experimental group of men and women born children, no significant gender differences in sensory integration ability.

【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G613.7
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本文編號：1360095