【摘要】：“生如夏花之絢爛,死如秋葉之靜美”。這是出自印度詩(shī)人泰戈?duì)柕脑?shī)篇,平靜安詳,是每一個(gè)人都所期待的死亡方式。然而安樂(lè)死,無(wú)疑是最為符合詩(shī)句中的方式。隨著社會(huì)的不斷進(jìn)步和發(fā)展,安樂(lè)死這一備受學(xué)術(shù)界爭(zhēng)論的話題,越來(lái)越多的走進(jìn)人們的視線之中。說(shuō)其備受爭(zhēng)議,一方面因?yàn)榘矘?lè)死打破死亡的自然規(guī)律,從自然死亡變成可以有選擇性的決定死亡,可以決定死亡的方式、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等等,這無(wú)疑是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)思維觀念的挑戰(zhàn);另一方面,對(duì)于那些身患絕癥,瀕死邊緣的病人來(lái)說(shuō),他們?cè)谏詈蟮臅r(shí)間里,忍受著疾病帶來(lái)的痛苦,體會(huì)不到活著的尊嚴(yán),這個(gè)時(shí)候安樂(lè)死就是最好的解決辦法,病人不用再經(jīng)受病痛的折磨,讓死亡變得有尊嚴(yán),病人的家屬也不用再繼續(xù)承受高昂的治療費(fèi)用。安樂(lè)死已經(jīng)是一個(gè)我們無(wú)法回避的問(wèn)題。本文主要通過(guò)對(duì)于安樂(lè)死主體的相關(guān)概念探究,從國(guó)內(nèi)外安樂(lè)死主體問(wèn)題的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行比較,進(jìn)而對(duì)安樂(lè)死主體進(jìn)行相關(guān)的法律問(wèn)題完善。安樂(lè)死主體是安樂(lè)死整個(gè)研究脈絡(luò)中的重要分節(jié)點(diǎn),主體問(wèn)題的探究是解開(kāi)安樂(lè)死的重要鑰匙。安樂(lè)死整個(gè)的活動(dòng)中,存在著各個(gè)分工不同,程序不同,目的不同的人員,這些不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為安樂(lè)死主體分類的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其中接受安樂(lè)死,安樂(lè)死的承受者界定為安樂(lè)死的適用主體;將安樂(lè)死的意愿?jìng)鬟_(dá)給其他個(gè)人或組織的人界定為安樂(lè)死的申請(qǐng)主體;將安樂(lè)死的具體實(shí)施者、操作者界定為安樂(lè)死的實(shí)施主體;將準(zhǔn)予或者否決安樂(lè)死的申請(qǐng)意愿的個(gè)人或者組織界定為安樂(lè)死的批準(zhǔn)主體;將對(duì)于整個(gè)安樂(lè)死活動(dòng)進(jìn)行管理和監(jiān)察的個(gè)人或組織界定為安樂(lè)死的監(jiān)督主體。整個(gè)安樂(lè)死的活動(dòng)進(jìn)行就基本由這五大主體構(gòu)成,通過(guò)對(duì)于安樂(lè)死適用主體的病理情況、申請(qǐng)主體的主觀意愿、實(shí)施主體的資格經(jīng)驗(yàn)、批準(zhǔn)主體的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)客觀和監(jiān)督主體的公正公平這5個(gè)主體進(jìn)行細(xì)致的完善,就能確保整個(gè)安樂(lè)死過(guò)程的合法合理。同時(shí)對(duì)于安樂(lè)死的主體與主體之間的聯(lián)系進(jìn)行脈絡(luò)厘清,那么就可以讓整個(gè)安樂(lè)死有機(jī)系統(tǒng)正常的運(yùn)作起來(lái)。只要安樂(lè)死的每一個(gè)主體和主體之間的聯(lián)系都合法且合理,那么安樂(lè)死就將成為一種合法的方式被人們所接受。
[Abstract]:Life is as beautiful as summer flowers and death like autumn leaves. This is a psalm of the Indian poet Tagore, calm and serene, the way everyone expects to die. Euthanasia, however, is undoubtedly the most consistent way in poetry. With the continuous progress and development of society, euthanasia, a controversial topic in academic circles, has come into people's attention more and more. On the one hand, euthanasia breaks the natural law of death, changing from natural death to selective decision of death, can determine the way of death, time, place and so on, this is undoubtedly a challenge to the traditional thinking concept; On the other hand, for those who are terminally ill and on the verge of death, they suffer the pain of illness and lack the dignity of living at the end of their lives, and euthanasia is the best solution. Patients don't have to suffer, make their deaths dignified, and their families no longer have to bear the high cost of treatment. Euthanasia has become an unavoidable problem. This article mainly through to the euthanasia main body related concept research, from the domestic and foreign euthanasia subject question development present situation carries on the comparison, then carries on the related legal question consummation to the euthanasia subject. The subject of euthanasia is an important node in the whole study of euthanasia, and the exploration of the subject problem is the key to solve the problem of euthanasia. In the whole activity of euthanasia, there are people with different division of labor, different procedures and different purposes. These different standards are used as criteria for the classification of euthanasia subjects, in which euthanasia is accepted. The acceptor of euthanasia is defined as the applicable subject of euthanasia, the will of euthanasia is communicated to other individuals or organizations as the application subject of euthanasia, the concrete executor of euthanasia is defined as the implementing subject of euthanasia, and the operator is defined as the subject of euthanasia. The individual or organization that grants or rejects the application for euthanasia is defined as the approving subject of euthanasia, and the individual or organization that manages and monitors the whole euthanasia activity is defined as the supervising subject of euthanasia. The whole activity of euthanasia is basically composed of these five main bodies. Through the pathological situation of the subject applicable to euthanasia, the subjective will of the subject applying for euthanasia, and the qualification experience of the subject, The strict and objective of the approval subject and the justice and fairness of the supervising subject can ensure the legality and reasonableness of the whole euthanasia process. At the same time, the relationship between the subject and the subject of euthanasia is clarified, so that the whole organic system of euthanasia can operate normally. As long as the relationship between each subject and subject of euthanasia is legal and reasonable, euthanasia will be accepted by people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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