本文選題：消費(fèi)者 + 公益訴訟　； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,消費(fèi)在人們生活中的地位發(fā)生了巨大的變化。人們從過去的對(duì)生活基本品的消費(fèi)擴(kuò)大到了如今的對(duì)高檔品甚至是奢侈品的消費(fèi)。自然而然,消費(fèi)也成為了拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的有力因素。不過,消費(fèi)增加繁榮經(jīng)濟(jì)的同時(shí)也帶了負(fù)面影響,消費(fèi)者群體性侵權(quán)事件頻繁發(fā)生。建立消費(fèi)者公益訴訟制度成為了時(shí)代的選擇,我國為建立消費(fèi)者公益訴訟制度也進(jìn)行了不懈的嘗試,新《民事訴訟法》、新《消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》中的相關(guān)規(guī)定以及消費(fèi)者公益訴訟相關(guān)司法解釋都體現(xiàn)出國家為維護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益,為其創(chuàng)造良好的消費(fèi)環(huán)境之堅(jiān)定決心。然而,目前有關(guān)消費(fèi)者公益訴訟賠償金的規(guī)定在消費(fèi)者公益訴訟體系中仍處于空白狀態(tài),為更有效的發(fā)揮消費(fèi)者公益訴訟功能,有必要將消費(fèi)者公益訴訟賠償金制度納入其中。對(duì)消費(fèi)者公益訴訟賠償金進(jìn)行研究,是完善消費(fèi)者公益訴訟制度的必然要求,也是維護(hù)消費(fèi)者合法權(quán)益的應(yīng)然選擇。消費(fèi)者公益訴訟賠償金制度是指在消費(fèi)者權(quán)益受到侵害或者受到侵害之虞的情況下,法律賦予一定主體賠償請(qǐng)求權(quán),請(qǐng)求法院判決責(zé)任主體承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任的一套制度。美國、巴西、日本等國家都建立了自己的消費(fèi)者公益訴訟賠償金制度。美國消費(fèi)者公益訴訟賠償金制度中有關(guān)賠償金計(jì)算以及剩余賠償金處理的相關(guān)規(guī)定較為詳細(xì);巴西消費(fèi)者公益訴訟賠償金制度中關(guān)于“二階段式”審理模式的規(guī)定有利于賠償金的確定和分配,并為許多國家所借鑒;日本消費(fèi)者公益訴訟賠償金制度中對(duì)提起賠償請(qǐng)求的權(quán)利主體和賠償金適用的范圍作出了限制,具有一定的可借鑒性。我國消費(fèi)者公益訴訟賠償金制度的構(gòu)建可從以下幾方面考慮:首先確立維護(hù)公益原則、兼顧私益原則、多方主體參與原則為賠償金制度的基本原則;第二,賠償金的適用范圍確定為金錢給付型消費(fèi)者侵權(quán)類型案件;第三,在提出賠償金的請(qǐng)求權(quán)主體方面,應(yīng)明確檢察機(jī)關(guān)、中國消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)及在省、自治區(qū)、直轄市設(shè)立的消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)享有賠償金請(qǐng)求權(quán);第四,賠償金的內(nèi)容應(yīng)涵蓋補(bǔ)償性賠償金與懲罰性賠償金兩種類型;第五,賠償金的計(jì)算與分配可以借鑒“二階段式”審理,在第二階段專門進(jìn)行賠償金的計(jì)算和分配;最后,在賠償金管理與監(jiān)督問題上,在分配階段可由消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)管理賠償金,分配之后的剩余賠償金則支付給中國保護(hù)消費(fèi)者基金會(huì),由其將賠償金用于消費(fèi)者保護(hù)等公益事業(yè),并建立嚴(yán)格的管理監(jiān)督制度,確保賠償金的“陽光透明”。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the scale of production and consumption is expanding, and the status of consumption in people's life has changed greatly. People from the past to the basic necessities of life to expand the consumption of luxury goods and even luxury goods. Naturally, consumption has also become the driving force of economic growth. However, consumption increases the prosperity of the economy, but also with negative impact, consumer group infringement incidents occur frequently. The establishment of consumer public interest litigation system has become the choice of the times, and our country has also made an unremitting attempt to establish consumer public interest litigation system. The new Civil procedure Law, the relevant provisions of the New Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law and the judicial interpretation of consumer public interest litigation all reflect the firm determination of the state to safeguard the rights and interests of consumers and create a good consumption environment for them. However, the current provisions on consumer public interest litigation compensation in the consumer public interest litigation system is still blank, in order to play a more effective role in consumer public interest litigation, it is necessary to include consumer public interest litigation compensation system. To study the compensation of consumer public interest litigation is the inevitable requirement of consummating consumer public interest litigation system, and it is also the necessary choice to safeguard consumers' legitimate rights and interests. The compensation system of consumer public interest litigation refers to a set of systems in which the law assigns certain subjects the right to claim compensation and requests the court to decide the subject of liability for compensation in the event that consumers' rights and interests are infringed or infringed upon. The United States, Brazil, Japan and other countries have established their own consumer public interest litigation compensation system. The American consumer public interest litigation compensation system about the compensation calculation and the residual compensation processing related provisions are more detailed; The provisions of "two-stage" trial model in the compensation system of Brazilian consumer public interest litigation are beneficial to the determination and distribution of compensation, and have been used for reference by many countries. Japanese consumer public interest litigation compensation system limits the subject of right and the scope of application of compensation, which can be used for reference. The construction of the compensation system of consumer public interest litigation in China can be considered from the following aspects: firstly, establishing the principle of safeguarding the public good, taking account of the principle of private interests, and the principle of multi-party participation as the basic principle of the compensation system; second, The scope of application of compensation is defined as the type of infringement cases of consumers who pay money. Thirdly, in the subject of claim for compensation, the procuratorial organs, the Chinese consumers Association and the provinces and autonomous regions should be clearly defined. Consumer associations set up by municipalities directly under the Central Government have the right to claim compensation; fourth, the content of compensation should cover two types of compensatory damages and punitive damages; fifthly, the calculation and distribution of compensation can be conducted in a "two-stage" trial. The second phase is devoted to the calculation and distribution of compensation; finally, in the case of compensation management and supervision, consumer associations may administer compensation during the distribution phase. The remaining compensation after distribution will be paid to the China Consumer Protection Fund, which will use the compensation for consumer protection and other public welfare undertakings, and establish a strict management and supervision system to ensure the "sunshine transparency" of the compensation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D925.1

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本文編號(hào)：2113885