本文選題：立法批準(zhǔn) + 地方性法規(guī)��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：設(shè)區(qū)的市、自治州人大及其常委會(huì)制定的地方性法規(guī)和自治州、自治縣、自治旗人大制定的自治條例、單行條例都必須報(bào)請(qǐng)省、自治區(qū)人大常委會(huì)批準(zhǔn)后才可以生效實(shí)施。在我國(guó)長(zhǎng)期以來的地方立法實(shí)踐中,省級(jí)人大常委會(huì)依照相關(guān)規(guī)定批準(zhǔn)了大量的地方性法規(guī)。作為一種重要的地方立法監(jiān)督制度,地方立法批準(zhǔn)制度在預(yù)防法律體系內(nèi)部沖突、保障地方立法質(zhì)量、預(yù)防重復(fù)立法等方面發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。盡管如此,由于我國(guó)現(xiàn)行地方立法批準(zhǔn)制度涉及到批準(zhǔn)主體的資格和能力、審查批準(zhǔn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、限度等相關(guān)的具體問題。例如,按照2000年《立法法》的規(guī)定,較大的市制定的地方性法規(guī)和自治州、自治縣制定的自治條例和單行條例必須報(bào)經(jīng)省一級(jí)人大常委會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。不少人就認(rèn)為,正因?yàn)榱⒎ㄅ鷾?zhǔn)制度的存在,限制了較大的市和自治州、自治縣的地方立法權(quán),使得它們跟經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)所在地的市相比而只享有“半個(gè)立法權(quán)”,而省一級(jí)人大常委會(huì)對(duì)經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)的較大的市和自治州、自治縣制定的相關(guān)法規(guī)的審查批準(zhǔn),客觀上也存在一些“自身立法工作任務(wù)過重”、“對(duì)地情民意實(shí)際情況了解不夠”等實(shí)際問題,以至于人們亦對(duì)該制度本身的正當(dāng)性、合理性、可行性和有效性等方面存有一定的質(zhì)疑。值得特別關(guān)注的是,2015年全國(guó)人大對(duì)《立法法》進(jìn)行修正,將地方立法權(quán)進(jìn)一步“下移”,設(shè)區(qū)的市和自治州獲得了地方性法規(guī)制定權(quán)。在立法權(quán)下放的實(shí)際操作中,省級(jí)人大常委會(huì)放權(quán)節(jié)奏失控,短周期內(nèi)地方立法主體數(shù)量激增,地方立法格局由此發(fā)生巨變。反觀我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的立法批準(zhǔn)制度,其固有的沉疴尚未根治,變化中的地方立法格局又帶來了一些新的問題。在今天這樣一個(gè)全新的地方立法格局沖擊下,該制度又將何去何從?相關(guān)問題亟待深入探究。為此,有必要回顧我國(guó)地方立法批準(zhǔn)制度的由來與歷史沿革,厘清立法批準(zhǔn)的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn),研究我國(guó)立法批準(zhǔn)制度的實(shí)際運(yùn)行狀況,檢討其中存在的突出問題,反思相關(guān)問題的制度成因,分別從確定專門的審查批準(zhǔn)機(jī)構(gòu)、構(gòu)建統(tǒng)一的立法批準(zhǔn)程序、規(guī)定統(tǒng)一的批準(zhǔn)審查處理結(jié)果、明確報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)事項(xiàng)的理由說明內(nèi)容、提升報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)法規(guī)的質(zhì)量五方面提出完善立法批準(zhǔn)制度的建議,以期逐步完善我國(guó)現(xiàn)行立法批準(zhǔn)制度。
[Abstract]:Municipalities divided into districts, autonomous prefectures and their standing committees, and autonomous prefectures, autonomous counties, autonomous flag people's congresses, and separate regulations must be submitted to the provinces for approval before they can come into effect. In the practice of local legislation for a long time, the standing Committee of Provincial people's Congress has approved a large number of local laws and regulations in accordance with relevant regulations. As an important local legislation supervision system, the local legislation approval system plays an irreplaceable role in preventing the internal conflict of the legal system, ensuring the quality of the local legislation and preventing the repeated legislation. Nevertheless, the current local legislative approval system in China involves the qualification and ability of the approving subject, the standards and limits of the examination and approval, and so on. For example, in accordance with the provisions of the 2000 legislation Law, local laws and regulations formulated by larger cities and autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties and separate regulations must be submitted to the standing Committee of the Provincial people's Congress for approval. Many people think that because of the existence of the legislative approval system, the local legislative power of larger cities, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties is restricted, making them enjoy only "half legislative power" compared with the cities where the special economic zones are located. And the examination and approval by the standing Committee of the Provincial people's Congress of the relevant laws and regulations formulated by larger cities, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties that have been approved by the State Council also objectively have some "excessive legislative tasks of their own." Such practical problems as "lack of understanding of the actual situation of local public opinion" and so on, even people also have certain doubts about the legitimacy, rationality, feasibility and effectiveness of the system itself. What deserves special attention is that in 2015, the National people's Congress amended the "Legislative Law", further "moving down" the local legislative power, and the municipalities and autonomous prefectures that have been divided into districts have been given the power to formulate local laws and regulations. In the actual operation of the decentralization of legislative power, the pace of decentralization of the standing Committee of the Provincial people's Congress is out of control, and the number of local legislative subjects increases sharply in a short period, and the pattern of local legislation changes greatly. In contrast, the existing legislation approval system of our country has not been cured, and the changing local legislation pattern has brought some new problems. Under the impact of such a new local legislative pattern today, where will the system go? The related problems need to be explored in depth. Therefore, it is necessary to review the origin and historical evolution of the local legislative approval system in China, clarify the nature and characteristics of the legislative approval system, study the actual operation of the legislative approval system in China, and review the outstanding problems existing therein. Reflecting on the institutional causes of the relevant problems, respectively, from determining the special examination and approval agencies, constructing a unified legislative approval procedure, stipulating the unified approval examination and processing results, specifying the reasons for reporting the approval items and explaining the contents, In order to improve the current legislation approval system in China, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the quality of the law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D927

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本文編號(hào)：2105730