本文關(guān)鍵詞：論警務(wù)盤查相對(duì)人不服從權(quán)利的保護(hù)　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 盤查 不服從 邊界 引導(dǎo) 強(qiáng)制 平衡

【摘要】：近些年來,社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型加快,公民的法治意識(shí)與社會(huì)主義法治建設(shè)不能協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,公民對(duì)權(quán)利的呼聲越來越高,對(duì)人民警察正常執(zhí)法活動(dòng)的抵抗情緒也越來越多,抵抗的程度也越來越激烈。盤問檢查是警察日常工作的一種重要手段,是公安民警開展行政調(diào)查的必經(jīng)程序,由于盤問檢查多發(fā)生于街頭、車站等特定的公共場(chǎng)合,有極強(qiáng)的隨意性、例行性,盤檢的相對(duì)人常常會(huì)認(rèn)為個(gè)人的名譽(yù)權(quán)和人格尊嚴(yán)受到了侵犯,所以體現(xiàn)出不配合、拒絕服從甚至對(duì)抗執(zhí)法的行為。公安民警如果執(zhí)法行為不當(dāng),極易引起群眾圍觀和社會(huì)輿論的譴責(zé),對(duì)于公安民警的人身權(quán)利和法律的公定力以及社會(huì)的法治秩序都造成了極大的損害。行政相對(duì)人的不服從是公民抵抗權(quán)的一部分,公民抵抗權(quán)是公民的一項(xiàng)天然權(quán)利,可以說是人權(quán)守護(hù)之權(quán)。由于盤查制度的保護(hù)、引導(dǎo)不力,這樣一個(gè)徹底的保護(hù)性權(quán)利,正在現(xiàn)實(shí)的中國被行政相對(duì)人錯(cuò)誤的理解和行使,以至于盤查執(zhí)法不能正常進(jìn)行,同時(shí)造成治安秩序的破壞、法律信仰的缺失。因此必須要總結(jié)和反思盤查執(zhí)法遭到越來越多對(duì)抗的原因,從而找出解決盤查執(zhí)法甚至普通行政執(zhí)法所面臨的困境,即在完善相應(yīng)法律法規(guī)的基礎(chǔ)上,引導(dǎo)或要求行政相對(duì)人利用合法的手段維護(hù)自身權(quán)益,監(jiān)督行政執(zhí)法,為社會(huì)營造出尊重法律、相信法律、依靠法律的法治環(huán)境。此文通過對(duì)比文史資料、網(wǎng)絡(luò)尋例、總結(jié)歸納等方法,從公民抵抗權(quán)的概念角度入手,簡(jiǎn)要介紹了公民抵抗權(quán)的理論基礎(chǔ)和演化脈絡(luò);然后提出了行政相對(duì)人對(duì)抗盤查強(qiáng)制力的原因,提出盤查法律依據(jù)和行政相對(duì)人救濟(jì)途徑不足的問題、盤查強(qiáng)制措施不完善的問題、行政相對(duì)人不服從權(quán)利保障不足的問題;最后以完善盤問檢查制度的構(gòu)建原則、法律體系建設(shè)為出發(fā)點(diǎn),進(jìn)一步探討了行政相對(duì)人不服從權(quán)利的引導(dǎo)和各種救濟(jì)途徑的改善。警務(wù)行政不同于一般的行政執(zhí)法,它有強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)抗性、緊急性和不可預(yù)測(cè)性,特別是盤查執(zhí)法是警察常見的最大威脅之一。雖然不可否認(rèn)現(xiàn)階段的警務(wù)盤查執(zhí)法依據(jù)有不合理情況,常常會(huì)伴隨有執(zhí)法人員濫用自由裁量權(quán)、濫用強(qiáng)制力,非法侵犯公民合法權(quán)利的事實(shí)發(fā)生,但是隨著社會(huì)矛盾激化,秩序管控和國家穩(wěn)定的需要,盤查強(qiáng)制力必須在某些方面得到加強(qiáng),比如警械、武器的使用條件方面。當(dāng)然盤查強(qiáng)制力的加強(qiáng)不應(yīng)成為侵犯公民各項(xiàng)權(quán)利的借口,也不應(yīng)該成為行政機(jī)關(guān)擴(kuò)大社會(huì)控制力的權(quán)柄,保障公民在盤查當(dāng)中的各項(xiàng)權(quán)益仍然是完善盤查強(qiáng)制力的當(dāng)務(wù)之急和先決條件。可以說行政相對(duì)人的不服從是公權(quán)力的達(dá)摩克利斯之劍,常常提醒著執(zhí)法者不依法行政所會(huì)帶來的阻擾。如果在完善警務(wù)盤查法律的基礎(chǔ)上能夠使行政相對(duì)人合理監(jiān)督依法進(jìn)行的警務(wù)執(zhí)法活動(dòng),同時(shí)利用各種救濟(jì)途徑能夠充分保障自身權(quán)利,將會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)公民不服從權(quán)利的維護(hù)并且將極大的提高警務(wù)效率,促進(jìn)法律公信力的實(shí)現(xiàn),增強(qiáng)社會(huì)的法治信仰,從而改善全民的法治思維模式和加快中國的法治社會(huì)進(jìn)程。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid social transformation, the citizen consciousness of the rule of law and the coordinated development of the construction of socialist rule of law on the rights of the citizens, more and more, the people's police law enforcement activities normal resistance is also increasing, the degree of resistance has become increasingly fierce. Cross examination is an important means of daily police work, is necessary the procedure of administrative investigation of police questioning, because check occurred in the streets, stations and other special public occasions, have very strong randomness, routine inspection, the relative disk will often think of personal right of reputation and personal dignity is violated, it reflects not cooperate, refused to obey even against violations of law enforcement the police law enforcement. If improper, extremely easy to cause the masses of onlookers and the condemnation of public opinion for the rule of law, police rank of personal rights and public power and social law In order to have caused great damage. The administrative relative person's disobedience is a part of the citizen's right to resist, resist the citizen right is a natural right of citizens, can be said to be the guardian of the right. The protection of human rights, interrogation system should not, such a thorough protection right, is the reality of the China is the administrative relative person wrong understanding and exercise, so that law enforcement interrogation can not be normal, and can cause order destruction, lack of faith in law. It is necessary to summarize and reflect inventory by more and more law enforcement countermeasures, so as to find out the law enforcement interrogation and even ordinary administrative law enforcement dilemma, which is based on perfecting related laws regulations, guidance or requirements of the administrative relative person use legal means to safeguard their own rights and interests, supervision of administrative law enforcement, for the society and create a respect for the law, believe that the law, according to the law on Law Managing the environment. In this article, through the comparison of historical data, the network for example, summarizes the methods, concepts from the perspective of citizen's right to resist to start, briefly introduces the basic theory and the evolution of the citizen's right to resist; and then put forward the reasons of the administrative relative person against the disc force provided at the Qiang Zha system, check the legal basis and the administrative relative person remedy insufficient inventory compulsory measures imperfect, the administrative relative person does not obey the inadequate protection of the rights of the problem; finally in order to improve the construction principle of interrogation and inspection system, the legal system construction as the starting point, to further explore the administrative relative person does not obey the right guidance and various relief ways different from police administrative improvement. Administrative enforcement of law in general, it has intense antagonism, urgency and unpredictability, especially law enforcement is one of the biggest threat to the police interrogation common. But there is no denying that at the present stage Police interrogation according to law enforcement is not reasonable, often accompanied by law enforcement personnel abuse of discretion, abuse of coercive power, illegally infringing the legitimate rights of citizens and the occurrence of the facts, but with the intensification of social contradictions, to control order and the national stability, interrogation force must be strengthened, in some aspects such as weapons, weapons the conditions for the use of force to strengthen inventory. Of course should not become a violation of the rights of citizens should not be an excuse to expand the administrative organ of social control authority, protect the rights and interests of citizens in the inventory is still improving inventory force a pressing matter of the moment and prerequisite. It can be said that the administrative relative person is not subject to the public the Damour Damocles, often remind the law enforcement administration according to law will bring the obstruction. If based on perfecting the law of police interrogation can make the administrative The police law enforcement activities relatively reasonable supervision according to law, at the same time using a variety of remedies to fully protect their own rights, will realize the maintenance of civil disobedience rights and will greatly improve police efficiency, promote the realization of legal credibility, enhance the social belief in the rule of law, so as to improve the national legal thinking mode and speed up the process of rule of law China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1

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